关键词： 素质训练   无氧代谢   运动员   体育工作者   有氧代谢能力   加拿大   北美洲   生理学   基础医学   中华人民共和国  

摘要： 基本目标: 在时间、设备及队员来源允许的条件下,从生理学角度和心理学角度最大限度地提高那些有希望作为中国队队员参加世界锦标赛运动员的运动水平。同时,作为这个专门的参加世界锦标赛计划的一部分,要开始安排可以用在从长远前景考虑而为国家队制定的长期计划中的那些技术与训练手段。

关键词： 白鼠   神经元   功能   神经组织   神经细胞   胆碱受体   神经系统   增龄   月龄   应激性   兴奋性   离心性   生物电位   膜电位   终板电位   脑   脊髓   有髓纤维  

摘要： 机体通过神经和激素调节而完成各种功能。一般老年人的运动功能、自主功能、感觉功能、精神功能等各种神经调节功能均出现减退。本文对神经元、末梢神经系统和中枢神经系统等各水平上老化的生理学所见加以探讨。神经元功能的老化神经元是组成神经系统的基本单位。如欲了解神经系统各种功能的老化现象,就必须先了解神经元的老化现象。一般在神经元与细胞外液之间,呈现一定的以离子通透性为基础的膜电位,即静止电位。如因某种刺激使膜电位达到阈值时,神经元即呈现活动电位而兴奋。对这一膜功能的年龄性变化Tanin等进行了研究,他们研究白鼠脊髓运动神经元的静止电位,发现成熟动物与老龄动物之间无显著差异。例如,腰部第Ⅴ～Ⅵ

摘要： Detailed urodynamic and neurologic evaluation of 550 patients was reviewed with the intention of shedding light on the understanding of the neurophysiologic pathways involved in micturition. On the basis of our data the following conclusions were made: 1) normal micturition is a brain stem reflex rather than a simple sacral reflex, 2) interruption of this sacral-to-brain stem reflex pathway results in uncoordinated voiding (detrusor-external sphincter dyssynergia), 3) anatomically separate neural centers control the activity of the detrusor muscle and the external urethral sphincter, and 4) although the pudendal and pelvic nuclei are located in the sacral spinal cord they are anatomically separable from one another.

关键词： Clinical Psychology   Health Psychology   Public Health  

摘要： Several lines of evidence indicate that monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity can regulate levels of biogenic amines and neuronal activity in the nervous system. The two types of MAO activity, A and B, appear to have different domains of activity in the body. Brain tissue has both types of activity, although adrenergic neurons are thought to contain exclusively MAO-A. MAO activity can also be measured in peripheral tissues: MAO-A in cultured skin fibroblasts and placenta, and MAO-B in platelets and lymphocytes. These two types of activity are mediated by different enzyme molecules and are regulated independently by endogenous and exogenous factors including genetic determinants, hormones, and aging. In humans, inhibition of MAO-A activity leads to mood elevation in depressed patients; in contrast, low MAO-B activity in platelets has been associated with an increased susceptibility to psychopathology. In order to assess further the role of MAO activity in human mood and behavior, it will be important to measure both forms of the enzyme independently and to establish correlations between levels of activity and discrete phenotypic traits.

关键词： Adult   Animals   Asthma/etiology   Asthma/physiopathology*   Autonomic Nervous System/drug effects   Bronchi/drug effects   Bronchi/innervation   Bronchial Spasm/physiopathology   Child   Cyclic AMP/metabolism   Dogs   Humans   Norepinephrine/pharmacology   Receptors, Adrenergic/metabolism   Receptors, Cholinergic/metabolism   Receptors, Histamine H1/metabolism   Respiratory Hypersensitivity/complications  

摘要： Asthma results from variable and often sudden changes in airway smooth muscle tone. Allergy is not an essential component of the asthmatic response; however, mediator release plays an important role in the human asthmatic response. Histamine may act directly to cause bronchoconstriction by stimulating the H1-receptor on airway smooth muscle or indirectly by stimulation of afferent vagal fibers in airways. Histamine may also act locally on airways to augment cholinergic and, possibly, alpha-adrenergic constrictor effects, or to antagonize beta-adrenergic relaxation of airway smooth muscle. Cholinergic neural output promotes bronchoconstriction in non-atopic asthma, but parasympathetic reflexes are not a major component of human bronchial responses to inhaled allergen. The physiologic significance of the sympathetic nervous system in relaxing airway smooth muscle is incompletely defined. Recent studies suggest that direct sympathetic innervation of airways is relatively unimportant and that purinergic fibers may be the predominant inhibitory neurons in human airways. Investigations focusing on intracellular calcium metabolism in airway smooth muscle have implicated the adenyl cyclase-cyclic adenosine monophosphate system in the regulation of bronchomotor tone. Cyclic nucleotides may modulate but do not mediate respiratory muscle contraction, and their precise role in regulating bronchomotor tone remains uncertain.

关键词： 心理学实验室   意识   心理功能   当代心理学   质变   突变(哲学)   第一个   心理过程   外部原因   主观   社会关系   神经生理学   分科  

摘要： 在俄国,心理学作为一门独立的学科产生于十九世纪末。1844年,V.M.别赫杰列夫在喀山组建了俄国第一个心理学实验室,比冯特所建立的世界上第一个心理学实验室仅晚5年时间。然而在此之前,在哲学和其他科学学科中都可以找到心理学思想。事实上,在十六、七世纪,俄国哲学家就已致

关键词： 植物生理学   水稻   合理密植   作物栽培   种庄稼   光能利用   作物生理学  

摘要： 栽培生理是作物栽培的理论基础,是植物生理学和作物栽培学的连接点,即把作物栽培技术建立在可靠的生理基础上的学科。1978年我们编写了《水稻栽培生理》一书。在这本书里,特别应用了我国植物生理学工作者开展的水稻生理学的研究成果,来分析我国水稻栽培中影响产量的一些重要生产问题,如烂秧死苗,不良温度对水稻开花结实的影响,水稻品种的合理利用,群体光能利用和合理密植,合理施肥、灌水等。普遍反映较好。为什么此书能受到读者欢迎?主要是由于它反映了我国植物生理学工作者在解放后水稻生理研究的一些成果。这些成果无论是品种、栽培条件,对生产问题的针对性都较强,因此读者感到实用和说

关键词： 作物生理学   作物栽培   种庄稼   植物生理学   农业  

摘要： 为了使植物生理学更好地服务于农业现代化,联系到国内的植物生理学现状和存在的问题,我认为今后应当做好下面几项工作: 1.端正思想认识,抓好农业生产中植物生理问题的深入研究和推广工作: 对于实现农业现代化来说,基础理论研究和应用研究同等重要,不可偏废。目前,我国的经济还比较落后,农业生产水平较低,应当把直接为农业