关键词： calcium imaging   holographic optogenetic stimulation   image analyses   whole-cell patch-clamp  

摘要： Improved integration between imaging and electrophysiological data has become increasingly critical for rapid interpretation and intervention as approaches have advanced in recent years. Here, we present PhysImage, a fork of the popular public-domain ImageJ that provides a platform for working with these disparate sources of data, and we illustrate its utility using in vitro preparations from murine embryonic and neonatal tissue. PhysImage expands ImageJ's core features beyond an imaging program by facilitating integration, analyses, and display of 2D waveform data, among other new features. Together, with the MicroManager plugin for image acquisition, PhysImage substantially improves on closed-source or blended approaches to analyses and interpretation, and it furthermore aids post hoc automated analysis of physiological data when needed as we demonstrate here. Developing a high-throughput approach to neurophysiological analyses has been a major challenge for neurophysiology as a whole despite data analytics methods advancing rapidly in other areas of neuroscience, biology, and especially genomics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： CARPAL tunnel syndrome   NEUROPHYSIOLOGY  

关键词： 植物生理学实验   教学质量   创新  

摘要： 植物生理学实验的教学目标是使学生熟练掌握实验操作技能,培养学生独立发现问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力,以及求真的科研作风和创新能力。本文总结多年来在植物生理学实验教学中的一些改革和尝试,探讨了教学方式、教学方法在提高学生科研素质中的作用,使学生具备再学习、再发展的能力,以适应当前社会的需要。

关键词： 医疗社会史   新方法   医疗史   精神病   史学界   消化生理学   思想史   社会史研究   新路径  

摘要： 2018年1月19日,由上海大学国际科研合作平台'马斯托禁毒政策研究中心'与《医疗社会史研究》编辑部共同主办的'医疗社会史研究:新议题、新方法、新路径'工作坊在上海大学文学院举行。工作坊主讲嘉宾分别为台湾'中央研究院'刘士永研究员、复旦大学张仲民教授、上海大学历史系柴彬教授和杨雄威副教授。与谈人分别为南京中医药大学张树剑教授,南京大学闵凡祥教授,上海中医药大学陶御风教授、陈丽云教授、李海英主编、朱音老师、姚霏教授,上海社会科学院赵婧博士,浙江省博物馆任群景,上海交通大学李玉尚教授,上海交通大学任轶副教授,福建中医药大学王尊旺,上海大学朱虹博士,英国斯克莱德大学Ved Baruah博士和英国斯克莱德大学博士生Christopher Cavin。

关键词： 生物学   教育   脑神经科学   生长发育阶段   神经生理学   神经心理学   交叉学科   生物科学  

摘要： 教育生物学（bio-education）,是从生物学、神经生理学、神经心理学、脑神经科学的角度研究人类教育现象及其一般规律的学科。生物科学与教育科学相融合形成的一门交叉学科。其研究对象是人,着重研究处于接受教育和生长发育阶段的儿童和青少年个体及群体。

关键词： Comprehension   Neuroimaging   Interpretation   Language   Metaphor   Neurophysiology   Proverb   Research   Schizophrenia   LANGUAGE  

摘要： According to Bleuler (1911), language impairments were indicative of thought disorders, a fundamental feature of schizophrenia. The objectives of the present review are twofold: (1) to present the clinical interest of the use of the tests of proverbs and metaphors comprehension for the evaluation of the characteristics of thought disorders in schizophrenia, and to highlight the heterogeneity of the forms of their interpretations; (2) to present the results from neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies of metaphor comprehension in order to identify the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying metaphorical language comprehension of patients with schizophrenic disorders. Results from the reviewed clinical applications of proverbs tests showed that thought disorders in individuals with schizophrenia are illustrated by different forms of proverb interpretations: literal, concrete, idiosyncratic, over-inclusiveness and unconventional. Results from the reviewed brain imaging and neurophysiological studies showed that these different forms of figurative misinterpretations may be related to different neurocognitive mechanisms: concreteness appears to be related to the dysfunction of the left inferior frontal gyrus and inverted brain lateralization during metaphor processing in individuals with schizophrenia compared to healthy individuals. During novel metaphor comprehension, which is highly effortful, individuals with schizophrenia, relative to controls, demonstrate increased activation of the right precuneus, a region that mediates complex and highly integrated functions including retrieval of episodic memory and mental imagery. These results may suggest that individuals with schizophrenia use mental imagery to support comprehension of both literal and metaphoric language. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that over-inclusive thinking, which is exhibited by individuals with schizophrenia during figurative language comprehension, could be related to very early right hemispher

关键词： Pain cognition   Migraine   Chronic migraine   Allodynia   Behavioral paradigm   IDIOPATHIC INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION   RESTING-STATE NETWORK   SOMATOSENSORY-EVOKED POTENTIALS   CHRONIC DAILY HEADACHE   CUTANEOUS ALLODYNIA   FREQUENT HEADACHE   RISK-FACTORS   PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITY   PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITION   CENTRAL SENSITIZATION  

摘要： Most of the data in this review have been already reported by the authors in Neurological Science, but the goal of the present paper is to realize an integrated lecture of all the available data and look to the last achievements in pain cognition, with a special focus on migraine and chronic migraine. According to the proposed integrated perspective, migraine can be viewed as an adaptive behavioral response with evolutionistic advantages.

关键词： MIGRAINE   NEUROPHYSIOLOGY   HEADACHE   PRIMARY headache disorders   CLUSTER headache  

摘要： Studies on EEG slowing in the progression of sleep since the discovery of electroencephalogram (EEG) in the 1920s, and identification of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in the 1950s lead to the current principle that human sleep consists of REM and non-REM (NREM) sleep cycles. In this lecture, I will review sleep-wake homeostasis. Quantitative analysis of sleep EEG has revealed that delta EEG activity is enhanced according to the length of prior wakefulness, and achieved the recovery of the brain. This provides understanding on those clinical facts that disturbed sleep accelerates physical or mental disorders. I will also review a recent topic that deep NREM sleep with delta EEG activity is an active brain process, in which memory and skills acquired during wakefulness are consolidated and made to be ready for use. In addition, such delta EEG activity during sleep is more strongly induced in those cortical areas where intensive task is loaded during wakefulness. Finally, I will consider how the above processes are controlled by the network between the thalamus and the cortex, with special reference to its relation to conventional sleep EEG patterns such as K-complex, spindle or sleep delta waves.

摘要： Introduction Peripheral nerve injuries are one of the most causes of dysfunction after trauma in our service, but still current management has remained suboptimal. This review aims to explain our methods to improve functional recovery after peripheral nerve lesions in closed traumas in the last five years. Methods First we classify lesion type (axonal or demyelination), and the time for evolution, acute or chronic. For pathophysiology classification we use for first instance an EMG study, searching for any voluntary activity, and direct nerve stimulation if possible after and above level of lesion, and contralateral evaluation and comparison; and also MRI studies to very proximal nerve lesions (in test); and echography to study nerve continuity in axonal lesions. Results Demyelination acute nerve lesions were treated with rehabilitation and an EMG study every four weeks in the first three months, if no changes or reinnervation was seen at the three month period, surgical exploration was done. Demyelination chronic nerve lesions were treated medical and with rehabilitation, and evaluated in four to six weeks by neurophysiology studies, if no changes were seen surgical exploration was done, if improvement was seen another EMG study was done in four weeks to confirm good clinical evolution, if not surgical exploration was done. Axonal nerve lesions acute or chronic were treated similar, it depended on the severity of the lesion: 1 EMG study is without any voluntary activity, no MEP is obtained below lesion and axonal lesion is high suspected, surgical exploration was done. 2. EMG study showed severe lost of motor units, MEP amplitude very low below lesion, medical treatment was first option, in four to six weeks new EMG study was done, if improvement we continue medical treatment, if not no surgical exploration was done. 3. EMG study shows moderate (50% or less) lost of motor units, medical treatment was the first choice, again control EMG every four weeks for the firs