关键词： 植物生理学实验教学   教学内容   改革  

摘要： 针对西南林业大学《植物生理学》实验课教学中存在的问题,结合多年实践经验,对实验教学进行了改革。包括实验教材的改编和修订,并采用基于互联网平台的实验课堂对教学方法进行改革,同时增加实验考核体系等。这既有助于学生学习学科前沿知识,培养科学实验态度,也进一步提升了学生的实验操作技能和创新能力。

摘要： Introduction Hemifacial spasm is a disorder of the seventh cranial nerve characterised by irregular, involuntary, clonic or tonic spasms of the facial muscles. In adults it is typically a primary disorder, predominantly affecting females in the fourth and fifth decades. Neonatal onset is much rarer, in and in most instances associated with a posterior fossa mass. We report the case of a 2 year-old boy who, soon after a normal and term delivery, developed unilateral hemifacial twitching. An associated ipsilateral mass in the floor of the fourth ventricle was subsequently seen on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Methods A craniotomy was performed for resection of the visualised mass. A complex post anaesthetic Neurophysiology set up for intraoperative neurophysiology monitoring (IONM) and mapping was required. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP), trans-cranial electrical motor evoked potentials (tceMEP) from face and upper limb, somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) from the upper limbs, cranial nerve mapping and electrocorticography (ECOG) were all performed. Subdermal needle electrodes were used to record from orbicularis oris, oculi, masseter, lateral rectus and abductor pollicus brevis muscles bilaterally for tcMEPs and cranial nerve monitoring. A monopolar stimulator with needle reference was used to stimulate the cranial nerves. Buds placed in the auditory canals were used for BAEP stimulation and held in with bone wax. After opening and exposure, an 8-contact depth electrode was placed into the lesion to record resting ECOG in a referential montage, checking for interictal epileptiform activity. SEPs were obtained from stimulation of the ulnar nerves in both upper limbs and recording from corkscrew electrodes on the scalp. Results Cranial nerve mapping allowed the surgical team to avoid damaging the intact structures. ECOG provided real-time interictal data directly from the lesion, with no intralesional epileptiform abnormalities recorded. At c

摘要： Introduction Resting state EEG (rsEEG) rhythms reflect neurophysiological mechanisms and operational functions related to the fluctuation of brain arousal and quiet vigilance in humans and are largely investigated in clinical practice and research in Clinical Neurophysiology. In 1999, the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN) published the Guidelines entitled “IFCN Guidelines for Topographic and Frequency Analysis of EEGs and EPs” (Nuwer et al., 1999). In 2017, the IFCN Executive Committee committed to a Working Group of 15 field experts of four continents (Prof./Dr. Babiloni C., Barry R., Basar E., Blinowska K., Cichocki A., Drinkenburg W., Klimesch W., Knight R., Jeong J., Lopes da Silva F., Nunez P., Oostenveld R., Pascual-Marqui R., Valdes Sosa P., and Hallett M.) the update of the part of those Guidelines concerning frequency and topographic analyses of rsEEG rhythms. This contribution will report the outcome of the mentioned Working Group (That outcome is expected to be published in Clinical Neurophysiology in 2018 after a regular peer-review process). Methods Recommendations about relevant procedures of recording, storage, visualization, and quantitative frequency and topographic analyses of rsEEG data in Clinical Neurophysiology of vigilance were expressed based on theoretical ground and relevant core literature findings. Those recommendations reflected the consensus in the Working Group. Results Recommendations regarded main controversies in the field such as (1) the optimal experimental conditions ensuring that recordings of rsEEG rhythms fit requirements of a neurophysiological experiment on vigilance; (2) the minimum requirements of scalp electrode montage, reference electrode, and settings for subsequent frequency and topographical analyses; (3) choice of frequency bands; (4) linear/nonlinear synchronization and interdependence of rsEEG rhythms at scalp electrodes and sources; and (5) statistical modeling and neurophysiological inf

关键词： Mitochondria   Microglia   Hypoxia   Reactive oxygen species   Nitric oxide   Sex   MONOCARBOXYLATE TRANSPORTER MCT4   NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE   CYTOCHROME-C-OXIDASE   OXIDATIVE DAMAGE   REVERSIBLE INHIBITION   TISSUE PO2   BLOOD-FLOW   HYPOXIA   BRAIN   CELLS  

摘要： The majority of in vitro studies modeling in vivo conditions are performed on the lab bench in atmospheric air. However, the oxygen tension (pO(2)) present in atmospheric air (160 mm Hg, similar to 21% O-2) is in great excess to the pO(2) that permeates tissues within the brain (5-45 mm Hg, similar to 1-6% O-2). This review will discuss the differentiation between pO(2) in the in vivo environment and the pO(2) commonly used during in vitro experiments, and how this could affect assay outcomes. Also highlighted are studies linking changes in pO(2) to changes in cellular function, particularly the role of pO(2) in mitochondrial function, reactive oxygen species production, and cellular growth and differentiation. The role of hypoxia inducible factor 1 and oxygen sensing is also presented. Finally, emerging literature exploring sex differences in tissue oxygenation is discussed. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Apostichopus japonicus   Water temperature   Feeding   Locomotion   Digestive enzyme   CUCUMARIA-FRONDOSA ECHINODERMATA   DAILY ACTIVITY RHYTHM   ENZYME-ACTIVITY   OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION   HOLOTHURIA-SCABRA   GENE-EXPRESSION   SPARUS-AURATA   DEEP-SEA   GROWTH   PATTERNS  

摘要： This study used controlled laboratory conditions to directly assess the role of water temperature in controlling diel feeding and locomotion behaviours, and digestive physiology, in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. The results revealed that both the proportion of feeding individuals and ingestion rate were highest at 16 degrees C. Regardless of water temperature, sea cucumbers appeared to be nocturnal and their peak feeding activity occurred at 00:00 h to 04:00 h. Tentacle insertion rate was not significantly correlated with water temperature (<24 degrees C). In all temperature treatments except 24 degrees C, the proportion of moving sea cucumbers was also observed to be higher at night than during the day. The water temperature above thermal threshold (24 degrees C) for aestivation may alter the diel locomotion rhythm. The highest lipase and amylase activities were both observed at 20 degrees C. The highest activities of lipase and amylase at all temperature treatments were observed at 22:00 h to 02:00 h, which was slightly earlier than the feeding peak. In conclusion, even in total darkness, A. japonicus showed more active feeding and moving activities, and higher digestive enzyme activities, at night than during the day. These results demonstrated that diel feeding and locomotion behaviours, at least in the short term, were not controlled by light or low water temperature (<24 degrees C) but by an endogenous rhythm, and A. japonicus had the ability to optimize the digestive function for the coming feeding peak. These findings should provide valuable information for the development of the aquaculture of this species.

关键词： Corticobasal syndrome   Transcranial magnetic stimulation   Neurophysiology   TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION   PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY   LIMB-KINETIC APRAXIA   MOTOR CORTEX   PARKINSONIAN SYNDROMES   CORTICOCORTICAL INHIBITION   GANGLIONIC DEGENERATION   FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA   REFLEX MYOCLONUS   RECEPTOR SPECT  

摘要： Corticobasal syndrome is a rare neurodegenerative disorder, which presents with a progressive, asymmetrical, akinetic rigid syndrome and early cortical signs. However, clinical, pathological, and electrophysiological heterogeneity makes the understanding of this syndrome challenging. Corticobasal syndrome can have various pathological substrates including corticobasal degeneration, Alzheimer's disease, Fronto-temporal degeneration with TDP inclusions, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Furthermore, tools such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and functional neuroimaging techniques like PET and SPECT have not been adequately used to supplement the clinico-pathological heterogeneity. TMS studies in CBS have revealed changes in cortical excitability and transcortical inhibition. Despite the availability of more than 2 decades, its potential in CBS has not been fully utilized in studying the cortical plasticity and effect of Levodopa on central neurophysiology. PET and SPECT studies in CBS have shown abnormalities in regional glucose metabolism, asymmetrical involvement of presynaptic dopaminergic system, and ascending cholinergic connections to the cortex. While most studies have shown normal D2 receptor-binding activity in striatum of CBS cases, the results have not been unanimous. Functional neuroimaging and TMS studies in CBS have shown the involvement of GABAergic, muscarinic, and dopaminergic systems. In this review, we aim to provide the current state of understanding of central neurophysiology and neurochemistry of CBS using TMS and functional neuroimaging techniques. We also highlight the heterogeneous nature of this disorder and the existing knowledge gaps.

关键词： SOMATIC SENSORY CORTEX   VISUAL DEPRIVATION   EARLY HISTORY   NEUROSCIENCE   EVOLUTION   KITTENS   RESPONSES   NEURONS   VISION   EYE  

关键词： Clinical neurophysiology   Fellowship   Training   Mexico   Education   UNITED-STATES   SUBSPECIALTIES  

摘要： Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics and preferences of clinical neurophysiology (CN) fellows, as well as the resources available for their training, in a developing country such as Mexico. Methods: An online survey (25 questions) was given to Mexican CN fellows from May to June 2017, covering their reasons for choosing the CN subspecialty, their activities, future plans, institutional resources, and administrative staff. Descriptive statistics were used. Results: Total respondents: 20/22 (90%), 65% female from 7 CN centers (80% public and 20% private hospitals) in Mexico City. Seventy-five percent chose CN out of personal interest, and all were not unsatisfied with their academic program. Most plan to work in private practice (75%) and are interested in learning EEG (85%) and intraoperative monitoring (75%-85%). The highest-reported training time by CN area allocated by the programs was as follows: EEG (27%), electromyography (22%), and evoked potentials (16%). The average number of fellows per center was 4; 75% of the centers perform epilepsy surgery, of which 60% offer invasive intracranial studies for the evaluation of surgical candidates. Conclusions: Mexican CN fellows are satisfied with their choice and with the academic program. They are increasingly interested in intraoperative monitoring, which is not addressed in current Mexican CN Programs.

关键词： NEUROPHYSIOLOGY   BRAIN imaging   ANTIDEPRESSANTS   NUCLEUS accumbens   PLACEBOS (Medicine)  

摘要： Objective: To investigate the cortical neurophysiology of a patient with functional weakness before, immediately after and 6 months post peripheral electrical stimulation ***: Non-invasive neurostimulation is a promising new treatment strategy for patients with functional neurological disorders. However, potential therapeutic mechanism(s) are poorly understood and no studies have assessed longitudinal neurophysiological correlates of ***/Methods: A 26F with unilateral, right arm/hand functional weakness was prospectively enrolled in this study. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) was used to collect first dorsal interosseous motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude, motor threshold and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) measurements at the three study time points. Both left and right motor cortex were evaluated, the latter acting as an internal control. Neurostimulation treatment consisted of 30 minutes of 30Hz nerve stimulation applied to the right median, ulnar and radial nerves. MEPs and SICI were analyzed using two-way ANOVA with factors of time-point and cortex side. Motor threshold was analyzed ***: Our subject had no immediate change in symptoms after treatment but reported gradual improvement over weeks and full resolution by 6 months. Paralleling this clinical course, there was no significant difference in left or right MEP amplitude from pre- to immediately post-treatment. However, at 6 months, left MEP amplitude significantly increased from 0.98mV pre-treatment to 2.81mV (p<0.001), whereas right MEP amplitude did not significantly change (1.45mV to 1.52mV). Consistent with this finding, left motor threshold decreased from 49% of maximum stimulator output pre- and immediately post-treatment to 42% at 6 months, whereas right thresholds were stable at 52%, 53% and 50% respectively. There were no significant differences in ***: Longitudinal cortical excitability increased in parallel w