关键词： 植物生理学   实验教学   教学改革   主体性  

摘要： 分析了植物生理学实验教学存在的问题,总结了以学生为主体进行植物生理学实验课教学改革的思考与实践成果,即通过合理设置实验教学主题,强化教师的引导作用,调动学生的学习主动性,突出学生的主体性等,提高了植物生理学实验课教学效果,提升了植物生理学教学质量。

关键词： Somatosensory evoked potentials   muscles   Hide   Nervous System Diseases   Talipes Cavus   childhood   Orthopedics   Child   Muscular Diseases   Neurologic Disorders   FOOT SUPPORT   Neurophysiology   Electronystagmography   Neurologists  

摘要： The “orthopedic alteration” of foot in the child may underlie neurological disorders that may be underestimated. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the important role of neurophysiological tests for the identification of the source on the pathological foot support incorrect in children. We studied 71 subjects (33 females) with incorrect foot support with a defined neurophysiological protocol that includes the ENG (at least 3 nerves), EMG and Muscular Ultrasound (at least two muscles) studies; Motor Evoked Potentials (from Tibialis Anterior muscles) and Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (from Tibialis posterior nerves). Of the 71 patients 31 subjects showed equinus foot, 16 prone foot, 13 pes cavus, 4 spurious valgus, 3 clubfoot, 21 had not specific incorrect support. Neurophysiological tests have identified a neurological cause in about a third of patients (35%). Of this 35%: 48% had a hereditary neuropathy, 28% mono-multi-neuropathy, 8% myopathy, 8% cerebral palsy, 8% being defined. An appropriate neurophysiological protocol, largely executable by technical trained staff, allows the identification of neuro-muscular disorders underlying the incorrect foot support in children. This recognition enables a targeted treatment for these specific changes, assuming a close collaboration between orthopedic and neurologist.

关键词： 人体解剖生理学   心理学专业   教学   体会  

摘要： "人体解剖生理学"是心理学专业的基础课程,其内容庞杂、知识枯燥,教学上存在一定困难。我们从融汇人文知识,结合前沿动态,增加案例教学,创设互动情境等方面进行教改尝试,取得了较好的教学效果,为后续心理学课程学习奠定坚实基础。

关键词： 神经生物学   教育实践   计算机断层扫描术   脑神经科学   神经生理学   生长发育阶段   神经心理测试   功能性磁共振  

摘要： 教育生物学(Kio-education),是从生物学、神经生理学、神经心理学、脑神经科学的角度研究人类教育现象及其一般规律的学科。生物科学与教育科学相融合形成的一门交叉学科。其研究对象是人,着重研究处于接受教育和生长发育阶段的儿童和青少年个体及群体。借助生物医学手段,如神经心理测试、神经生物学的动物实验、神经生理学的检查,以及神经影像学的研究,包括脑计算机断层扫描术(CT)、脑电图(EEG),脑磁共振(MRI)、功能性磁共振(fMRI)、正电子扫描(PET)等,研究人体和人脑的本体结构及其发生发展以及人体和人脑的功能,包括学习、记忆、注意、认知、情感、创造、社会性等大脑活动的奥秘,并将科学研究成果广泛地应用于人类的教育实践。这些方法和技术在教育教学中的应用效果可以通过以生物医学客观指标变化为依据的检验,从而摒除既往评价标准的主观性。

关键词： 作物生理学   玉米   脱落酸   粒重   籽粒离体培养  

摘要： 为探究脱落酸(ABA)在玉米籽粒生长发育过程中的作用,采用籽粒离体培养技术,研究玉米籽粒发育早期(授粉后4d)和中期(授粉后20d)4个ABA浓度处理(0、1、10、100μmol/L)对粒重、体积、含水量、淀粉和可溶性糖含量的影响。结果表明,培养基中ABA浓度越高,籽粒ABA含量越高。高浓度ABA处理(100μmol/L)导致玉米籽粒鲜重、干重和体积显著降低,且早期处理比中期处理的降低幅度大;低浓度ABA早期处理也不利于籽粒生长,但中期适宜浓度处理(10μmol/L)使籽粒干重增加。ABA处理显著提高了籽粒淀粉含量,降低了籽粒含水量,且中期处理比早期处理影响更大。总之,玉米籽粒发育早期ABA升高导致粒重降低,而中后期适当ABA处理对粒重形成有正向作用。

关键词： 农学院   多元化互动式教学模式   植物生理学   实验教学  

摘要： 农学院的学生在上植物生理学实验课时,授课教师在该实验教学环节中尝试采用多元化互动模式,通过分阶段逐步探索和实践,探讨实施该模式的意义、从而实现模式和效果评估,取得了初步成果。结论:对农学院的学生采用多元化互动式教学,极大调动学生学习实验的极大的热情,在进行该实验的同时,既培养了学生的主动性、团队意识和合作精神,又提高了学生动手能力与解决实际问题能力,充分体现出该模式在培养农业院校高素质创新型人才的优势。该模式适合在农业院校植物生理学实验教学中推广应用。

关键词： TELECOMMUNICATION in medicine   ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY  

摘要： Terni S. Maria Hospital Neurophysiology Division successfully performed experimental trial for innovative Telemedicine service, using patented remote-EEG system. The Neurophysiologist can be connected from everywhere to the hospital information system through virtual private network and remote device. EEG-passive electrode device is effectively controlled by different direct Remote Desktop freeware softwares. EEG-diagnosis is possible at distance avoiding file exchanges and fulfilling privacy and safety criteria. The connection shares the graphic interface from EEG device desktop to the remote Neurophysiologist, who can also directly control EEG device functions. From 2009 to 2017 a total of 261 EEGs (standard and continuous monitoring) were examined. In the first 6   years, specialists operated on EEG device at distance but they sent medical reports by telefax, while from 2016 to 2017 they used report files with digital signature. Two hospital deliberations (n. 875 dated 2008/12/29 and n. 198 dated 2015/03/18) validated the procedure for clinical use, even if into the research protocol. These trial-evidences as well the new regulations on Telemedicine (Intesa Stato-Regioni n. 123/CSR 2016/7/7; EU Directive 2011/24; EU Regulation 2016/679) pave the way for large scale usage of this protocol. The Group of study on Telemedicine in Neurophysiology founded by SINC and Digital-SIT works on this purpose.

关键词： Tremor   Motor Disorders   Patients   Arm   mass loading   Essential Tremor   Neurophysiology   functional disease   Habituation   Early Diagnosis   Index Finger  

摘要： Functional tremor (FT) still remains a challenge for clinicians; here, we propose a simple and fast test battery for an early diagnosis of FT. We enrolled ten patients with probable FT and compared them with patients with essential tremor (ET) or tremor-dominant Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Surface polymyography was bilaterally performed with arms relaxed, with arms outstretched at shoulder level without or with a 500-g mass attached to the wrist (“mass loading”), during voluntary contralateral motor activation and while performing ballistic movements. We also asked to the patient to use the index finger of the left hand to tap in time with a metronome at rates of 1, 3 and 5   Hz. At the end of the test, we recorded Blink Reflex Habituation. Polymyography revealed (a) a paradoxical increase of tremor amplitude with mass loading, (b) jerks’ synchronization between antagonistic muscles performing voluntary contralateral motor activation and (c) tremor inhibition during a ballistic movement. Co-activation sign was present. Finally, all the patients showed a Blink-Reflex habituation preserved. Our results prompt further studies to integrate clinical and electrodiagnostic criteria in the whole field of hyperkinetic movement disorders, exploring the floating border between organic and functional disease.

关键词： NEUROPHYSIOLOGY   SCOLIOSIS in children   SURGERY  

摘要： The onset of neurological deficit is the most feared complications in surgical correction of spine deformities. Aim of this study is to assess the value of intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring during scoliosis surgery. 173 scoliosis surgeries in 164 patients were monitored with muscle-motor evoked potentials (m-MEPs) and peripheral and cortical upper and lower limb Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SEPs). In 45 surgeries, thoracic and lumbar pedicle screws were neurophysiologically tested by triggered-EMG. The overall monitor ability was 98.3%. Significant intraoperative modification occurred in 26 surgeries (15%). In 11 cases (6.4%) changes were consistent with spinal cord damage, in 6 (6.9%) with brachial plexopathy. Finally, three patients (1.7%) presented transient disappearance of four limbs MEPs and SEPs due to a pharmacological effect. 2 patients (1.2%) awaked with a brachial plexopathy: they all completely recovered within 3   months. In one patients, an intraoperative persistent disappearance of unilateral lower limb MEPs and SEPs was associated with a postoperative severe monoparesis: therefore, the rate of new neurological deficit was 0.6%. Intraoperative neurophysiology may provide a valuable biomarker in detection of impending central and/or peripheral nervous system injury at a reversible stage.

关键词： Pain education   Undergraduate   Physiotherapy   Pain curriculum   Randomised controlled trial   LOW-BACK-PAIN   BELIEFS   MANAGEMENT   INDIVIDUALS   CURRICULUM   CHAPTER  

摘要： Objective To investigate the effect of pain neurophysiology education (PNE) on student physiotherapists: (1) knowledge of chronic pain; (2) attitudes towards patients with chronic pain; and (3) clinical recommendations for patients with chronic pain. Design Multicentre single-blind randomised controlled trial. Setting One UK and one Irish university. Participants Seventy-two student physiotherapists. Intervention Participants received either PNE (intervention) or a control education. Both were delivered in a 70-minute group lecture. Main outcome measures (1) The Revised Pain Neurophysiology Quiz to assess knowledge; (2) the Health Care Pain Attitudes and Impairment Relationship Scale (HC-PAIRS) to assess attitudes; and (3) a case vignette to assess the appropriateness of clinical recommendations. Results Post education, the PNE group had a greater increase in pain neurophysiology knowledge [mean difference 4.0 (95% confidence interval 3.2 to 4.7), P < 0.01] and more improved attitudes [-17.5 (95% confidence interval -22.1 to -12.9), P < 0.01] compared with the control group. Post education, students in the PNE group were more likely to make appropriate recommendations regarding work (94% vs 56%), exercise (92% vs 56%), activity (94% vs 67%) and bed rest (69% vs 33%) compared with those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The improvements in knowledge, attitudes and recommendations for pain management show that PNE is a potentially valuable part of the education of physiotherapy students, and could be used on a more widespread basis. There is a need to investigate whether these findings can be replicated in other healthcare professions, and how well these reported changes lead to changes in actual clinical behaviour and the clinical outcomes of patients. (C) 2017 Chartered Society of Physiotherapy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.