关键词： Membrane electrical properties   Neuronal excitability   Synaptic plasticity   Tauopathy   Dementia   Alzheimer's disease   Progressive supranuclear palsy   Hippocampus   CA1 PYRAMIDAL NEURONS   ALTERED INTRINSIC EXCITABILITY   ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE   TRANSGENIC MICE   MOUSE MODEL   SYNAPTIC-TRANSMISSION   BRAIN   DYSFUNCTION   EXPRESSION   TAUOPATHY  

摘要： The accumulation of cleaved tau fragments in the brain is associated with several tauopathies. For this reason, we recently developed a transgenic mouse that selectively accumulates a C-Terminal 35 kDa human tau fragment (Tau35). These animals develop progressive motor and spatial memory impairment, paralleled by increased hippocampal glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta activity. In this neurophysiological study, we focused on the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus, a brain area involved in memory encoding. The accumulation of Tau35 results in a significant increase of short-term facilitation of the synaptic response in the theta frequency range (10 Hz), without affecting basal synaptic transmission and long-term synaptic plasticity. Tau35 expression also alters the intrinsic excitability of CA1 pyramidal neurons. Thus, Tau35 presence is associated with increased and decreased excitability at hyperpolarized and depolarized potentials, respectively. These observations are paralleled by a hyperpolarization of the voltage-sensitivity of noninactivating K+ currents. Further investigation is needed to assess the causal link between such functional alterations and the cognitive and motor impairments previously observed in this model. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.

关键词： movement disorders   neuroplasticity   paediatric   sensorimotor integration   transcranial magnetic stimulation   CENTRAL MOTOR CONDUCTION   CEREBRAL-PALSY   CONGENITAL HEMIPARESIS   CORTICOSPINAL PROJECTIONS   CORTICAL EXCITABILITY   CHILDREN   SECONDARY   DYSTONIA   CONNECTIVITY   STIMULATION  

摘要： Purpose of reviewTo demonstrate how neurophysiological tools have advanced our understanding of the pathophysiology of paediatric movement disorders, and of neuroplasticity in the developing *** findingsDelineation of corticospinal tract connectivity using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is being investigated as a potential biomarker for response to therapy. TMS measures of cortical excitability and neuroplasticity are also being used to investigate the effects of therapy, demonstrating neuroplastic changes that relate to functional improvements. Analyses of evoked potentials and event-related changes in the electroencephalogaphy spectral activity provide growing evidence for the important role of aberrant sensory processing in the pathophysiology of many different movement disorders. Neurophysiological findings demonstrate that children with clinically similar phenotypes may have differing underlying pathophysiology, which in turn may explain differential response to therapy. Neurophysiological parameters can act as biomarkers, providing a means to stratify individuals, and are well suited to provide biofeedback. They therefore have enormous potential to facilitate improvements to *** currently a small field, the role of neurophysiology in paediatric movement disorders is poised to expand, both fuelled by and contributing to the rapidly growing fields of neuro-rehabilitation and neuromodulation and the move towards a more individualized therapeutic approach.

关键词： voltage source inverter   Neurophysiology   Accessibility   visibility   Virtual  

关键词： Ulnar neuropathy at elbow (UNE)   Diagnostic consensus criteria   Nerve conduction studies   Multicentre database   AANEM criteria for UNE   NERVE-CONDUCTION   ELECTRODIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION   MEDICAL AUDIT   POSITION   MOTOR  

摘要： Objective: This study validates consensus criteria for localisation of ulnar neuropathy at elbow (UNE) developed by a taskforce of the Danish Society of Clinical Neurophysiology and compares them to the existing criteria from the American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine (AANEM). The Danish criteria are based on combinations of conduction slowing in the segments of the elbow and forearm expressed in Z-scores, and difference between the segments in m/s. Examining fibres to several muscles and sensory fibres can increase the certainty of the localisation.& para;& para;Methods: Diagnostic accuracy for UNE was evaluated on 181 neurophysiological studies of the ulnar nerve from 171 peer-reviewed patients from a mixed patient-group. The diagnostic reference standard was the consensus diagnosis based on all available clinical, laboratory, and electrodiagnostic information reached by a group of experienced Danish neurophysiologists.& para;& para;Results: The Danish criteria had high specificity (98.4%) and positive predictive value (PPV) (95.2%) and fair sensitivity (76.9%). Compared to the AANEM criteria, the Danish criteria had higher specificity (p < 0.001) and lower sensitivity (p = 0.02).& para;& para;Conclusions: The Danish consensus criteria for UNE are very specific and have high PPV.& para;& para;Significance: The Danish criteria for UNE are reliable and well suited for use in different centres as they are based on Z-scores. (C) 2017 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 项目教学法   植物生理学   实验教学   科研实践   创新思维  

摘要： 以西北农林科技大学大学《植物生理学研究技术》课程为研究对象,构建新的实验教学体系,将若干个传统的验证型实验通过引入科学问题、以点线面的模式整合为科研项目,引导学生独立完成整个科研实践过程;通过实验模块和科研目标的结合,显著提高学生的科研实践能力和培养学生的创新思维,旨在为我国农林高校的专业实验教学改革提供参考。