关键词： neuro-inflammation   cytokine   glutamate receptor   immunohistochemistry   Ca2+ signaling   CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM   NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA   TRANSGENIC MICE   CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID   MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS   LEVELS CORRELATE   MESSENGER-RNA   RAT-BRAIN   EXPRESSION   IL-6  

摘要： The cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is produced by cells of the central nervous system (CNS) during a variety of neuroinflammatory states, in which it is thought to play a role in neuroprotection and/or neuropathology associated with neurological disease. In addition, CNS expression of IL-6 during non-pathological conditions may also occur, although the conditions for such IL-6 production remain elusive. Expression of IL-6 and its receptor and signal transducing elements by neurons and glia within the cerebellum implicate a role of IL-6 in modulating cerebellar function under normal conditions and in contributing to pathology and pathophysiology within the cerebellum during CNS disease states. Evidence for such a role of IL-6 comes from studies using transgenic mice that chronically express IL-6 within the CNS. These mice exhibit profound cerebellar pathology and significant alterations of Purkinje neuron electrical and synaptic activity. Additional evidence comes from in vitro studies using primary cultures of cerebellar cortex that have been chronically exposed to exogenously applied IL-6. Consistent with the IL-6 transgenic mice, chronic IL-6 treated Purkinje neurons in culture exhibit alterations of endogenous electrophysiological properties as well as changes in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and signaling. Despite these changes in Purkinje neuron physiology, chronic IL-6 does not affect the survival or morphology of Purkinje neurons in culture. Thus, by itself, IL-6 is able to modulate key components of cerebellar circuitry during periods of chronic expression, such as during neuroinflammation, and may be an important player in the movement disorders associated with a number of CNS disease states.

关键词： 多发性神经病   医疗评价   诊断评估   电诊断医学   神经生理学   同行评审   电生理   病理生理   诊断标准   相关学科  

摘要： Objective: Since 1992, 7 European neurophysiologists have participated in the ESTEEM project concerned with improvements in electrodiagnostic medicine. This s tudy assesses whether the collaboration that includes peer review medicalaudit h as influenced the involved physicians’electrodiagnostic criteria for polyneurop athy (PNP) diagnosing and classification.Methods: Two sets of each physician’s PNP examinations performed early and late in the study were examined for changes in(1) number of studies with abnormal electrophysiological findings required fo r diagnosing PNP, and (2) agreement between the classifications given by the ind ividual physicians and the peer review group. Results: The average number of abn ormal motor nerve segments per patient increased from 4.6 to 6.4 during the stud y. Although most individual changes were minor,the second set of examinations sh owed an increased homogeneity among the physicians in the number of abnormal motor nerve segment s and abnormal F wave studies, and a tendency towards increased homogeneity in t he number of abnormal sensory nerve segments. There was also an increased agreem enton pathophysiological PNP classification in the second set of examinations co mpared to the first set. Conclusions: The participation in the ESTEEM project se ems to have impacted the physicians’clinical routine, possibly as they have acc ustomed themselves to apply criteria more strictly. Significance: This study sup port that international collaboration is a useful step towards improvements in e lectrodiagnostic medicine.

关键词： 社会智力   智力研究   神经生理学   研究成果   测评方法   研究者   历史   量表  

摘要： 社会智力研究到今天已经有八十多年的历史了。对于“什么是社会智力”、“如何研究社会智力”不同的人有不同的看法。本文总结了不同研究者提出的社会智力的内涵,讨论了社会智力的测评方法和量表以及关于社会智力的神经生理学研究成果,并对今后社会智力研究的趋势做了探讨。

关键词： 病灶性脑缺血   啮齿动物   病理生理   鼠类   内苯巴比妥丝闭塞模型   神经生理学  

摘要： 病灶性脑缺血的啮齿动物模型对于理解人类中风的病理生理思想很重要。遗传改性鼠的使用促进了鼠类病灶性脑缺血的内苯巴比妥丝闭塞模型的应用。本文研究了延长C5781／6J鼠内苯巴比妥闭塞持续时间对局部缺血损伤的程度、分布及局部血流分布(LCBF)的影响。闭塞15、30或60min，再经24h多次灌注后，对局部缺血损伤进行体积评估。

关键词： 早恋   生殖健康   生理学   健康教育   心理健康  

摘要： 目的 针对青少年中出现性早熟、早恋现象,探索青少年身心健康教育的方法。方法 通过人体生理学 生殖生理功能的教学过程,结合学生青春期生理特征,通过讲授、答疑、交流等形式进行青春期生理、心理健 康教育。结果 在学生学习和理解了性欲望和性冲动的产生原理和规律后,会更理智地处理和拒绝不该发生的 “早恋”现象和不良行为。帮助他们度过性意识启蒙阶段的危险期。结论 以生理学知识为基础,对青少年进行 生殖健康教育,应是青少年身心健康教育有效方式之一。

关键词： 哲学思想   意识论   语言批判   思维方式   神经生理学  

摘要： 一当代意识问题研究中哲学的"尴尬"

关键词： 仔猪   早期断奶   生理学   特点   淀粉酶活性   消化吸收率   系统发育   消化酶   酶分泌   周龄   小肠   胰液   肠液  

摘要： 1 仔猪消化酶系统发育不健全1.1 仔猪消化酶分泌不足仔猪胃腺不分泌淀粉酶,小肠淀粉酶活性在一周龄时即从高峰下降.至4～5周龄,小肠液和胰液淀粉酶的活性很低.因此,仔猪对淀粉的消化吸收率较低.

关键词： 法乐四联症   认知功能   生活质量   结构式面谈   心理特征   心脏检查   执行功能   神经生理学   明尼苏达   自我形象  

摘要： Objective: To assess the health related quality of life of patients who were operated on during childhood for total correction of tetralogy of Fallot, focusing on the psychosocial and cognitive outcomes. Patients: 54 patients(24 men and 30 women, mean(SD) age 32(4) years), operated on for total correction of tetralogy of Fallot at mean age of 8.2 years,underwent a cardiological examination, psychological assessment(semistructured interview, Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory), evaluation of quality of life(36 item short form health survey), and neuropsychological assessment with an extensive neuropsychological battery of tests. Results: Psychological characteristics-(1)-a lower than normal academic level,(2) a job inadequate for educational level,(3) a preference for an over protective familiar setting, and(4) a difficulty communicating own corporal image. Denial of the cardiopathy was found to be a common behaviour to normalise functioning. Very few patients had a deficit in memory, learning, or attention functions; rather, patients had a deficit in the executive functions, problem solving, and planning strategies. Conclusions: Despite a satisfactory health related quality of life, there are residual psychological and social problems in addition to impaired cognitive outcomes in the presence of a normal intelligence quotient.