关键词： 形态结构   大鼠脑   电针   成像研究   磁共振   慢性应激抑郁模型   1%蔗糖水摄取量   MRI成像技术   《实验针灸学》   SD雄性大鼠   T2加权成像   T1加权成像   扩散加权成像   表观扩散系数   抑郁模型大鼠   正常组   统计学   ADC值   神经生理学   不可预见性  

摘要： 目的　通过MRI成像技术,观察电针“百会”、“印堂”穴对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠脑形态结构的影响,从神经生理学的角度探讨针刺治疗抑郁症的机理。方法　选择Open field法评分相近的30只成年SD雄性大鼠并将其随机分为正常组、模型组和电针组,每组10只;应用分养和长期不可预见性中等强度应激建造大鼠抑郁模型,电针组参照《实验针灸学》取百会、印堂两穴进行针刺;以Open field实验和糖水消耗实验等方法测定动物的行为变化;多片多回波的T2加权成像、扩散加权成像和翻转恢复的T1加权成像,对照研究各组大鼠脑内形态学及各脑区信号强度的改变。结果　正常组大鼠的体重远高于电针组,且差异有统计学意义,模型组大鼠的体重虽然高于电针组,但差异无统计学意义;模型组大鼠的1%蔗糖水摄取量明显低于正常组和电针组,且差异有统计学意义,正常组高于电针组,但差异无统计学意义;采用Open field法检测大鼠活动性,电针组、模型组分别与正常组比较,水平运动次数、垂直运动次数均明显降低并且差异有统计学意义。电针组与模型组相比较差异均无统计学意义;从T2加权像上观察到大鼠脑裂扩大现象,但三组之间并无显著差异;模型组和电针组与正常组相比较,中脑水管的横截面积有增加,统计结果显示三组之间差异有统计学意义;

关键词： NEURAL STEM-CELLS   RAT DENTATE GYRUS   GROWTH-FACTOR-I   NEWLY GENERATED NEURONS   CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM   TRANSIENT GLOBAL-ISCHEMIA   FOCAL CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA   LONG-TERM POTENTIATION   PSA-NCAM EXPRESSION   MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN  

摘要： The discovery that the adult mammalian brain creates new neurons from pools of stemlike cells was a breakthrough in neuroscience. Interestingly, this particular new form of structural brain plasticity seems specific to discrete brain regions, and most investigations concern the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampal formation (HF). Overall, two main lines of research have emerged over the last two decades: the first aims to understand the fundamental biological properties of neural stemlike cells ( and their progeny) and the integration of the newly born neurons into preexisting networks, while the second focuses on understanding its relevance in brain functioning, which has been more extensively approached in the DG. Here, we propose an overview of the current knowledge on adult neurogenesis and its functional relevance for the adult brain. We first present an analysis of the methodological issues that have hampered progress in this field and describe the main neurogenic sites with their specificities. We will see that despite considerable progress, the levels of anatomic and functional integration of the newly born neurons within the host circuitry have yet to be elucidated. Then the intracellular mechanisms controlling neuronal fate are presented briefly, along with the extrinsic factors that regulate adult neurogenesis. We will see that a growing list of epigenetic factors that display a specificity of action depending on the neurogenic site under consideration has been identified. Finally, we review the progress accomplished in implicating neurogenesis in hippocampal functioning under physiological conditions and in the development of hippocampal-related pathologies such as epilepsy, mood disorders, and addiction. This constitutes a necessary step in promoting the development of therapeutic strategies.

关键词： HYPOTHALAMIC CART   BETA-BLOCKERS   LEPTIN   NEURONS   WEIGHT   RISK   DENSITY   OBESITY  

摘要： The hormone leptin is best known for its influence on body weight. But it also controls bone mass, and recent work in mice is beginning to uncover the neuroendocrine systems involved.

关键词： 神经生理学   训练技术   中枢神经损伤   运动功能恢复   运动功能障碍   脑血管疾病   康复治疗   运动模式   反射活动   皮肤刺激   神经肌肉   治疗方法   形成过程   理疗法  

摘要： 对于脑血管疾病遗留下来的各种功能障碍,康复治疗是重要的手段之一.神经生理疗法是根据神经生理学理论,利用特殊的运动模式、反射活动、本体和皮肤刺激抑制异常的运动,促进正常的运动,或顺应中枢神经损伤后运动功能恢复的规律,促进运动功能的恢复,以治疗神经肌肉,特别是中枢神经损伤引起的运动功能障碍的一类治疗方法[1].本文将过去涉及到的许多种神经生理学理论和技术及形成过程,予以简要回顾.……

关键词： 阿尔茨海默病   自然史   纵向研究   族性   神经心理学   智能缺陷   疾病晚期   神经生理学   进展过程   状态检测  

摘要： Background: Knowledge of the evolution of cognitive deficits in Alzheimer dise ase is important for our understanding of disease progression. Previous reports, however, have either lacked detail or have not covered the presymptomatic stage s. Objective: To delineate the onset and progression of clinical and neuropsycho logical abnormalities in familial Alzheimer disease. Methods: Nineteen subjects with familial Alzheimer disease underwent serial clinical and neuropsychological assessments. Eight of these had undergone presymptomatic assessments. The follo w up period was 1 to 10 years (mean, 5 years). The relative timing of the occur rence of 3 markers of disease onset and progression (onset of symptoms, Mini Me ntal State Examination score ≤24, and impaired score on a range of neuropsychol ogical tests) were compared using the binomial exact test. Results: Neurological abnormalities were not prominent, although myoclonus appeared early in some. Mi ni Mental State Examination score was not sensitive to early disease. Memory an d general intelligence deficits appeared at an earlier stage, in some patients w hen pre symptomatic. Perceptual, naming, and especially spelling skills were pr eserved to a late stage. Conclusion: Familial Alzheimer disease may have a long prodromal phase of several years with subtle deficits initially of general intel ligence and memory, while spelling, naming, and perception are relatively preser ved until a late stage.

关键词： 华东地区   华东区   脑电图   电诊断图   神经电生理   会议  

摘要： 由华东地区脑电图与神经电生理协作组主办,南京医学会及南京脑科医院承办的“第八届华东地区脑电图与临床神经电生理学术会议”拟于2006年4月在江苏省无锡市召开。会议期间将邀请国内著名专家作专题讲座。现开始征文。

关键词： 临床   神经电生理学   丘脑   昏迷   中脑   脑电图   波幅   损伤   状况   状态  

摘要： delta coma δ昏迷 指临床呈昏迷状态,脑电图呈高波幅或低波幅δ波连续出现的状况而言,以丘脑下部或中脑网状结构损伤最易出现这种情况.

关键词： 神经生理学   婴儿   幼儿   耳部   神经病   声音导抗   脑干反应  

摘要： Objective:To analyze neurophysiological characteristics in infants and young children with auditory neuropathy(AN) and explore their clinical significance.Methods: Audiological measurements(acoustic immittance, EOAEs, ABR, CM, MLR and ERPs) and peripheral neurological tests were conducted and evaluated in 13 infants and young children with AN. Six of them received high-resolution temporal bone CT scans and/or cerebral MRI examinations.Results: All of the children showed type “A” tympanograms with abseatation of stapedial reflexes. EOAEs were normal in 12 of 13 subjects. In one child who had a history of anoxia during the birth,the EOAEs were not elicited. Click-evoked ABRs were absent in 12 of 13 subjects when maximum output of the instrument was reached. The CM potentials were presented bilaterally in all individuals,which were independent of the EOAEs and ABR. Of eight cases tested,all had clear MLR and six showed normal ERPs(P300 and MMN). Peripheral neurological tests and radiological findings were within the normal ranges. Conclusion: The diagnosis of AN in infants and young children should focus on analyzing their neurophysiological characteristics,especially on CM,MLR and ERPs. Combined use of EOAEs, ABR and CM was recommended for hearing screening on newborns with high risk factors.