关键词： PREGANGLIONIC NEURONS   VENTRAL SURFACE   MUSCLE   CAT   SKIN   HINDLIMB   NERVES  

摘要： The aim of this study was to neurophysiologically demonstrate the activities of the premotor nuclei of sympathetic vasomotion, by capturing the diachronic changes in the action potentials which are generated in the pons and medulla oblongata. To do so, ten male Wistar rats weighing 300g were used as subjects. Microelectrodes were inserted in the muscular branch of the sciatic nerve and the ventral side of the pons and medulla oblongata, and the muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSA) was induced. The regular spontaneous action potentials, which synchronize with Muscle sympathetic nerve activity, were observed in the rostral ventrolateral medulla oblongata (RVLM), and the differences among the action potentials of individual cells of the RVLM region noted. Autonomic postganglionic nerves are controlled in turn by preganglionic nerves that originate from specific nuclei in the medulla. These nerves directly influence cardiovascular function by regulating the rate and force of contraction of the heart and the diameter of blood vessels. RVLM cells in fact exert a widespread control over the sympathetic outflow. We conclude from the experiment that premotor nuclei of sympathetic vasomotion exist in the RVLM.

关键词： CORTICAL-NEURONS   NEURAL RESPONSES   VISUAL MASKING   TIME COURSE   INFORMATION   CORTEX   PERSISTENCE   STIMULI   MONKEYS   VISION  

摘要： Iconic memory, the short-lasting visual memory of a briefly flashed stimulus, is an important component of most models of visual perception. Here we investigate what physiological mechanisms underlie this capacity by showing rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) sequences with and without interstimulus gaps to human observers and macaque monkeys. For gaps of up to 93 ms between consecutive images, human observers and neurones in the temporal cortex of macaque monkeys were found to continue processing a stimulus as if it was still present on the screen. The continued firing of neurotics in temporal cortex may therefore underlie iconic memory. Based on these findings, a neurophysiological vision of iconic memory is presented.

关键词： 干细胞   神经生理学   研究  

ISBN: (纸本)7030158490

摘要： 本书介绍了神经干细胞基础理论知识、临床应用及实验操作技术，反映了神经干细胞研究的最新进展，内容包括神经干细胞特性、来源和定位、发育及分化等。

关键词： Illusions   Parietal Lobe   Psychophysiology   Self Concept   Temporal Lobe   错觉   顶叶   心理生理学   自我概念   颞叶   Temporal Lobe   temporoparietal junction   OPERATING BASIS EARTHQUAKE   out-of-body experience   Illusions   Folk Psychology   Parietal Lobe   Self Concept   Psychophysiology  

摘要： Folk psychology postulates a spatial unity of self and body, a "real me" that resides in one's body and is the subject of experience. The spatial unity of self and body has been challenged by various philosophical considerations but also by several phenomena, perhaps most notoriously the out-of-body experience perspective and one's self are experienced to have departed from their habitual position within one's body. Here the authors marshal evidence from neurology, cognitive neuroscience, and neuroimaging that suggests that OBEs are related to a failure to integrate multisensory information from one's own body at the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ). It is argued that this multisensory disintegration at the TPJ leads to the disruption of several phenomenological and cognitive aspects of self-processing, causing illusory reduplication, illusory self-location, illusory perspective, and illusory agency that are experienced as an OBE.

关键词： 神经生理学   电生理学   认知   脑机制   双语   事件相关电位(ERP)  

关键词： 神经生理学  

ISBN: (数字)781067658X

摘要： 本书首先介绍了常用动物实验方法和神经病学研究常用动物模型的制备，然后分别介绍了组织病理学、生物化学、分子神经生物学等方面的有关技术方法，并对细胞培养、神经干细胞、流式细胞术、电子显微镜术等作了介绍。

关键词： Penicillamine   Tetrathiomolybdate   Trientine   Wilson's disease   Zinc  

摘要： Wilson's disease is a rare autosomal recessive disease of copper accumulation and copper toxicity, due to mutations in the ATP7B gene, which leads to a failure of copper excretion in the bile. It presents clinically primarily as liver disease, psychiatric disease, neurological disease, or a combination of these. The neurological disease is a movement disorder, with abnormalities of speech, tremor, incoordination and dystonia being common features. Diagnosis of neurologically presenting patients is usually straightforward, with Kayser-Fleischer rings and a urine copper over 100 μg/day almost invariably present. In the treatment of neurologically presenting patients, penicillamine should always be avoided, because of the high risk of permanent, drug-induced, additional neurological deterioration. A new drug we have developed, tetrathiomolybdate, given for 8-16 weeks, in combination with zinc, is our first choice for treating these patients. In the absence of availability of tetrathiomolybdate, zinc or trientine are the next best choices. © 2005 Adis Data Information BV. All rights reserved.

关键词： neuroinformatics   analytical methods for electrophysiological data   theoretical models  

摘要： Despite the enormous growth in the number of facts and regularities observed in neuroscience, the current state of the field does not allow their integration in coherent theoretical frameworks. Neuroinformatics is a new research field devoted to development of neuroscience data bases together with computational models and analytical tools for sharing, integration and analysis of experimental data and the advancement of theories of nervous system function. From 1996 the OECD countries promote fostering neuroinformatics by eliminating the barriers that prevent cooperation and by providing incentives to potential participants. This activity was formulated in the Report on Neuroinformatics from The Global Science Forum Neuroinformatics Working Group of the OECD (2002) as well as in several printed publications by the Neuroinformatics group (Amari et al. 2002, Eckersley et al. 2003). This article summarizes the ideas presented in the Report and stresses the importance of analytical and modeling approach to functional neurophysiology.