关键词： 金刚烷胺/类似物和衍生物   金刚烷胺/药理学   脑电描记术/药物作用   脑电描记术/统计学和数值数据   傅里叶分析   神经系统/药物作用   心理生理学   精神治疗药物/药理学   参考值   成年人   人类   男(雄)性  

摘要： The study of EEG and psychophysiological parameters and their correlations in 10 healthy volunteers after single oral administration of bromantan in comparison with placebo revealed favourable influence of the drug on operators' functional state. By EEG-profile (increase in middle-frequency alpha-rhythm power with lowering of powers in delta- and beta1-bands) bromantan is similar to many drugs with moderate psychostimulating, antiamnestic and antihypoxic properties. Bromantan does not alter the subjective state and principal components of operators' performance in untired men but promotes the appearance of EEG-signs of moderate vigilance rise and forming of productive action state coupled with favourable for precise motor performance tremor reduction. Operator's functional state optimization leads to extension of reserve abilities and probably causes efficiency of bromantan as a well known remedy for maintenance of high working capacity in tired operators and under extreme conditions.

关键词： 情绪/生理学   神经通路/生理学   水管周灰质/生理学   心理生理学   动物   人类  

关键词： 神经生理学  

ISBN: (纸本)7030073975

摘要： 本书共分14部分，内容包括：神经系统结构、突触传递和信号传导、神经系统的发育、递质在脑内的分布及其功能通路、感觉器官、运动系统、脑的高级功能与行为、神经-内分泌-免疫系统的相互调节等。

关键词： 疼痛/病理生理学   心理生理学   应激   生理学/病理生理学   动物   人类   婴儿   新生  

摘要： Neonatal intensive care exposes preterm neonates to a series of repeated, randomly occurring invasive procedures and handling, resulting in acute pain, chronic pain, and prolonged stress during a critical window associated with epochal brain development. Characteristics of the immature pain system in preterm neonates (such as a low pain threshold, prolonged periods of windup, overlapping receptive fields, immature descending inhibition) predisposes them to greater clinical and behavioral sequelae from inadequately treated pain than older age groups. Evidence for developmental plasticity in the neonatal brain suggests that repetitive painful experiences during this period or prolonged exposure to analgesic drugs may alter neuronal and synaptic organization permanently. Traditionally, clinicians have chosen the perspective that routine use of analgesic or sedative drugs in preterm neonates may create more problems than minimal therapy. However, the immediate and long-term consequences of inadequately treated pain have forced them to reconsider the risk-benefit ratios for such therapy. Whereas the short-term consequences of prolonged analgesic therapy in human neonates are well-known (tolerance, withdrawal, ventilator dependency), long-term consequences are relatively unknown. Advances in the study of repetitive pain associated with routine NICU care have challenged the perspective that prolonged pain and stress were inevitable consequences of premature birth.

关键词： 行为/生理学   行为   动物/生理学   条件反射   经典/生理学   高级神经活动/生理学   模型   生物学   概率   心理生理学   系统分析   系统论   动物   人类  

摘要： Superior psychical functions (skills) are usually formed in great subjective uncertainty conditions. Because of that exact knowledge of information mechanisms of behavior activity under uncertainty conditions is very importent. Some difficulties of traditional notions (classic behavior act model developed by P. K. Anokhin, systems quantization of behavior) are discussed. The model of probabilitive training allows to describe various training uncertainty conditions, and it operates as the Anokhin model in a specific case. The system-shaping factor in this model is an adaptive result. Afferent synthesis, aim for action, acceptor of the action result and the programme of actions have the traditional senses. Besides those it is proposed to use a concept of probability decision to alter the program of action, as well as an idea of memory buffer (results of search reactions). The organizational features of the functional system of behavior under great uncertainty conditions should be taken into account while specifying the informational mechanism responsible for systems quantization of behavior. The above mechanism can be used for explain the discreteness of an action in the program alteration process when the same quantum of behavior is implemented. These ideas are profitable for systems analysis of superior psychical functions, based on the reflex formation under environmental uncertainty conditions.

关键词： 临床工作能力   课程   运动技能/生理学   定向力/生理学   精神运动性行为/生理学   心理生理学   外科学/教育   人类  

摘要： On the basis of an account on elementary processes of spatio-temporal control of movements and on findings on motor learning, we propose in this article the employment of test and training procedures for motor skills in the training of surgeons. Elementary temporal and spatial factors of motor performance control underly the very precise complex motor behaviour of the activity of a surgeon. An established diagnosis of individual competence in this domain could help the doctors' decisions on whether to take up surgery. Training devices could improve the efficiency of the surgeons' motor functions. The inclusion of knowledge of motor abilities and learning processes could complement the present-day training of surgeons.

关键词： 臂   乳腺肿瘤/并发症   乳腺肿瘤/病理生理学   电诊断/方法   诱发电位   淋巴水肿/并发症   淋巴水肿/病理生理学   神经病学检查   神经生理学   周围神经系统疾病/诊断   周围神经系统疾病/病因学   女(雌)性   人类   中年人  

摘要： The aim of this study was to identify the nature of the nerve lesions found in patients with neurological complains and with lymphedema occurring after breast cancer treated by surgery and radiotherapy. Twelve patients treated in a specialised centre for lymphology had clinical and neurophysiological examinations. This study found 9 radiation-induced plexopathies, 1 neoplasic plexopathy, 2 carpal tunnel syndromes (one isolated), 1 cervical root disease and 1 normal examination. The radiation-induced plexopathy is characterised by a chronic neurogenic involvement and the presence of (motor and sensory) proximal persistent conduction blocks. This study demonstrated that it is essential to identify with electrodiagnosis the exact nature of the nerve lesion to determine the most appropriate and effective treatment.

关键词： 立体视觉   神经生理学   心理物理学  

摘要： 1838年Wheatstone发明了立体镜使人看到了深度景观并发现了双眼视差,从而揭开了双眼的奥秘,自此开拓了一个崭新的空间视觉研究领域.一个半多世纪以来,立体视觉研究一直是一个十分活跃的领域,60年代双眼驱动细胞的发现及计算机产生的随机点立体图对为立体视觉研究带来了一场革命[1],近40年来,立体视觉研究在心理物理和神经生理学方面均取得了令人瞩目的进展,本文将就近年来立体视觉机制的研究进展作一综述.

关键词： 大屠杀   心理生理学   人类  

摘要： Comments on the article 'Medical Psychological Observations During the Holocaust: Escape Into Health,' by Dr. Eliahu Seagal published in the January 2000 issue of 'Advances in Mind-Body Medicine' journal. Mobilization of human strength; Assessment of the complacency, effeteness and weakness of spirit-body; Emphasis on the power of inner spiritual energy.

关键词： 适应   心理学   衰老/生理学   脑/生理学   细胞死亡/生理学   神经元/生理学   心理生理学   应激   心理学/心理学   人类  

摘要： Comments on the article 'Medical Psychological Observations During the Holocaust: Escape Into Health,' by Dr. Eliahu Segal published in the January 2000 issue of 'Advances in Mind-Body' journal. Accounts on the two phenomena described in the article; Relationship between the rituals of obsessive compulsive disorder and the rituals of orthodox religions; Mechanisms of pain inhibition.