Complex post-traumatic stress disorder resulting from traumatic experiences in childhood includes not only the customary post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms such as intrusions, avoidance and hyperarousal, but it a...
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Complex post-traumatic stress disorder resulting from traumatic experiences in childhood includes not only the customary post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms such as intrusions, avoidance and hyperarousal, but it also includes affect-dysregulation, dissociation, problems with self-image, relationships, interpretation and somatisation. The specialist literature expresses some support for stabilisation treatment. Preliminary results of a pilot study that evaluated a stabilisation course with a psycho-educational and cognitive behavioural content indicate that a course of that kind, if linked to research, is both feasible and effective. We therefore believe that further research by means of a randomized controlled trial is warranted.
Comorbidity between alcohol use and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been well documented. However there are few longitudinal studies with acute trauma samples. The present study examined symptoms of alcohol u...
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Comorbidity between alcohol use and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been well documented. However there are few longitudinal studies with acute trauma samples. The present study examined symptoms of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and PTSD longitudinally after assault. Female sexual (n = 69) and physical assault victims (n = 39) were assessed 2 to 4 weeks and 3 months post trauma. Women who had lifetime AUD had higher intrusive and avoidance symptoms than those who did not have AUD. Women who had any alcohol problems had higher PTSD symptoms. Participants who had alcohol problems had the same pattern of symptom recovery as those who did not have alcohol problems but remained more symptomatic over the 3 months. These findings suggest hat early intervention strategies for women who have previous histories of alcohol problems and seek medical attention early post trauma may be indicated.
Severe traumatic injuries to the hands, extremities, and face can produce significant psychological reactions. Adjustment problems are more pronounced when the injuries result in disfigurement and significant loss of ...
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Severe traumatic injuries to the hands, extremities, and face can produce significant psychological reactions. Adjustment problems are more pronounced when the injuries result in disfigurement and significant loss of function. Long after the traumatic event, persistent fear, depression, avoidance, and body image changes result in substantial impairment in personal, social, and occupational functioning.
Recent studies have shown a partial similarity between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alexithymia. In this study, the authors examined the relationship between PTSD and alexithymia in two samples of 26 patie...
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Recent studies have shown a partial similarity between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alexithymia. In this study, the authors examined the relationship between PTSD and alexithymia in two samples of 26 patients with burn injury and 27 patients with digit amputation during rehabilitation. The prevalence rates of DSM-III-R PTSD and alexithymia assessed by the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) were significantly higher for injury patients than for healthy volunteers. The rate of PTSD symptoms of avoidance and emotional numbing teas significantly and positively correlated with the TAS scores in injury patients. The PTSD symptoms of avoidance and emotional numbing had a significant relationship with function after digit replantation. Alexithymia also had a similar relationship with physical conditions. These results suggest that 1) in some cases, alexithymia may be evident when PTSD emotional symptoms appear in injury patients, and 2) emotional disturbances (i.e., PTSD symptoms of avoidance and emotional numbing and alexithymia) may be influenced by the level of functional recovery after digit replantation.
The purpose of this study was to assess the role of trauma severity on subsequent symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and physiological reactivity in a total of 70 children, ranging from 12 to 48 months o...
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The purpose of this study was to assess the role of trauma severity on subsequent symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and physiological reactivity in a total of 70 children, ranging from 12 to 48 months of age, who were acutely burned. Parents were interviewed shortly after the child was admitted to the hospital. PTSD symptoms were measured using the Posttraumatic stress Disorder Semi-Structured Interview and Observational Record for Infants and Young Children and the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents. Nurses completed a questionnaire about the child's symptoms and recorded the child's physiological data throughout the hospital stay. Significant relationships were found between severity of childhood trauma and the total number of PTSD symptoms and physiological reactivity. This study supports the hypothesis that severity of trauma experienced by young children influences psychological and physiological stress indicators after burn injuries. These findings provide new directions for the assessment and prevention of PTSD in this age group.
The post-September 11, 2001 wars in and around Afghanistan and Iraq have increased awareness of traumatic brain injury (pTBI), particularly blast-induced mild TBI. This article provides an overview of TBI and its neur...
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The post-September 11, 2001 wars in and around Afghanistan and Iraq have increased awareness of traumatic brain injury (pTBI), particularly blast-induced mild TBI. This article provides an overview of TBI and its neuropsychiatric sequelae in U.S. war veterans who participated in the current operations in and around Afghanistan and Iraq, with particular emphasis on blast-related mild TBI. Psychiatric disorders, particularly posttraumatic stress disorder, pain, and sensory impairments are prevalent in war veterans with TBI. Research is needed to more definitively characterize the epidemiology of TBI-related functional difficulties, the effects of blasts compared with other mechanisms of injury, recovery trajectories, and treatment outcomes in this population.
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be associated with structural abnormalities in the amygdala. To better characterize amygdala volume in PTSD, the authors conducted a meta-analysis comparing amygdala volumes in...
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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be associated with structural abnormalities in the amygdala. To better characterize amygdala volume in PTSD, the authors conducted a meta-analysis comparing amygdala volumes in PTSD patients and comparison subjects. Using electronic databases, the authors found nine studies comparing amygdala volumes in adult subjects with PTSD with amygdala volumes in comparison subjects (participants unexposed to trauma and participants exposed to trauma but without PTSD). Results showed no significant differences in amygdala volumes between the groups. Within each group, the right amygdala was significantly larger than the left, indicating an asymmetrically lateralized amygdala volume that is preserved in trauma exposure and in PTSD.
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