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Satb1 Regulates Contactin 5 to Pattern Dendrites of a Mammalian Retinal Ganglion Cell

NEURON 2023年第12期111卷 1876-1886.e5页

作者： Liu, Yuanmin Savier, Elise L. DePiero, Victor J. Chen, Chen Schwalbe, Dana C. Abraham-Fan, Ruei-Jen Chen, Hui Campbell, John N. Cang, Jianhua Univ Virginia Dept Biol Charlottesville VA 22904 USA Univ Virginia Dept Psychol Charlottesville VA 22904 USA

The superficial superior colliculus (sSC) carries out diverse roles in visual processing and behaviors, but how these functions are delegated among collicular neurons remains unclear. Here, using single-cell transcrip-tomics, we identified 28 neuron subtypes and subtype-enriched marker genes from tens of thousands of adult mouse sSC neurons. We then asked whether the sSC's molecular subtypes are tuned to different visual stimuli. Specifically, we imaged calcium dynamics in single sSC neurons in vivo during visual stimulation and then mapped marker gene transcripts onto the same neurons ex vivo. Our results identify a molecular sub-type of inhibitory neuron accounting for-50% of the sSC's direction-selective cells, suggesting a genetic logic for the functional organization of the sSC. In addition, our studies provide a comprehensive molecular atlas of sSC neuron subtypes and a multimodal mapping method that will facilitate investigation of their respective functions, connectivity, and development.

关键词： superior colliculus cell types direction selectivity two-photon calcium imaging inhibitory neurons single-cell sequencing

来源： SCIE

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Complex motion sensitivity of neurons, in the visual part of the anterior ectosylvian cortex in cats

NEURON 2017年第4期95卷 869-+页

作者： Peng, Yi-Rong Tran, Nicholas M. Krishnaswamy, Arjun Kostadinov, Dimitar Martersteck, Emily M. Sanes, Joshua R. Harvard Univ Ctr Brain Sci Cambridge MA 02138 USA Harvard Univ Dept Mol & Cellular Biol Cambridge MA 02138 USA McGill Univ Dept Physiol Montreal PQ Canada UCL Dept Neurosci Physiol & Pharmacol London England

The size and shape of dendritic arbors are prime determinants of neuronal connectivity and function. We asked how ON-OFF direction-selective ganglion cells (ooDSGCs) in mouse retina acquire their bis-tratified dendrites, in which responses to light onset and light offset are segregated to distinct strata. We found that the transcriptional regulator Satb1 is selectively expressed by ooDSGCs. In Satb1 mutant mice, ooDSGC dendrites lack ON arbors, and the cells selectively lose ON responses. Satb1 regulates expression of a homophilic adhesion molecule, Contactin 5 (Cntn5). Both Cntn5 and its co-receptor Caspr4 are expressed not only by ooDSGCs, but also by interneurons that form a scaffold on which ooDSGC ON dendrites fasciculate. Removing Cntn5 from either ooDSGCs or interneurons partially phenocopies Satb1 mutants, demonstrating that Satb1-dependent Cntn5 expression in ooDSGCs leads to branch-specific homophilic interactions with interneurons. Thus, Satb1 directs formation of a morphologically and functionally specialized compartment within a complex dendritic arbor.

关键词： Satb1 Satb2 Contactin Caspr retinal ganglion cell ooDSGC dendrite direction selectivity starburst amacrine cells hemophilic adhesion

来源： SCIE ebsco(ASP/aph)

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NEUROSCIENCE 2008年第1期152卷 106-118页

作者： Zabouri, N. Ptito, M. Casanova, C. Univ Montreal Ecole Optometrie Lab Neurosci Vis Montreal PQ H3C 3J7 Canada

In cats, it is generally believed that the visual part of the anterior ectosylvian cortex (AEV) is involved in motion integration. It receives a substantial proportion of its afferents from cortical (e.g. lateral suprasylvian cortex) and subcortical (e.g. lateral posterior-pulvinar complex) areas known to participate in complex motion analysis. It has been established that a subset of AEV neurons can code the vericlical motion of a moving plaid pattern (pattern-motion selectivity). In our study, we have further investigated the possibility that AEV neurons may play a role in higher-order motion processing by studying their responses to complex stimuli which necessitate higher order spatial and temporal integration. Experiments were performed in anesthetized adult cats. Classical receptive fields were stimulated with (1) complex random-dot kinematograms (RDKs), where the individual elements of the pattern do not provide coherent motion cues;(2) optic flow fields which require global spatial integration. We report that a large proportion of AEV neurons were selective to the direction and speed of RDKs. Close to two-thirds of the cells were selective to the direction of optic flow fields with about equal proportions being selective to contraction and expansion. The complex RDK and optic flow responsive units could not be systematically characterized based on their responses to plaid patterns;they were either pattern- or com_ ponent-motion selective. These findings support the proposal that AEV is involved in higher-order motion processing. Our data suggest that the AEV may be more involved in the analysis of motion of visual patterns in relation to the animal's behavior rather than the analysis of the constituents of the patterns. (c) 2008 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： receptive field optic flow random dot kinematogram plaids extrastriate cortex direction selectivity

来源： ClinicalKey（临床精钥...

STROBOSCOPIC REARING REDUCES direction selectivity IN RABBIT VISUAL-CORTEX

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DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH 1981年第1期1卷 127-131页

作者： PEARSON, HE BERMAN, N MURPHY, EH MED COLL PENN DEPT PHYSIOL BIOCHEM PHILADELPHIA PA 19129 USA

Rabbits reared from birth in stroboscopic illumination have no experience of visual motion. In primary visual cortex of these animals there is a large reduction in the number of cells which are direction selective. This result, contrary to previous reports, shows that the rabbit visual system can be modified by early visual experience.

关键词： stroboscopic rearing visual cortex rabbit direction selectivity

Voltage-gated calcium and sodium currents of starburst amacrine cells in the rabbit retina

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SENSITIVITY OF CAT PRIMARY AUDITORY-CORTEX (AL) NEURONS TO THE direction AND RATE OF FREQUENCY-MODULATION

VISUAL NEUROSCIENCE 2001年第5期18卷 799-809页

作者： Cohen, ED Yale Sch Med Yale Vis Res Ctr New Haven CT USA

The voltage-gated calcium and sodium currents of starburst amacrine cells were examined in slices of the adult rabbit retina. ON-center starburst amacrine cells were targeted for whole-cell recording by prelabeling the retina with the nuclear dye 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole hydrochloride (DAPI). Calcium currents were isolated using an external Ringer that contained tetrodotoxin to block sodium currents and barium to block potassium channels. When starburst amacrine cells were stepped to holding potentials positive to -50 mV, a series of voltage-dependent calcium currents were activated. The calcium current peaked at -10 mV. The calcium currents kinetics were mainly sustained in nature, showing only a small amount of slow inactivation. Nickel (100 AM), a T-type channel blocker, had no effect on the calcium current. Application of the L-type channel agonist BAY K8644 (1-2.5 muM) had small variable effects on the calcium current while the L-type channel antagonist nifedipine (10 muM) had no effect. However, addition of a reported N-type calcium channel antagonist, omeoa-conotoxin G6A (1 muM), blocked a large portion of the calcium current, as did a more nonselective antagonist, omega-conotoxin M7C (200 nM). Agatoxin 4A (500 nM) reduced a smaller sustained calcium current component, implying a P/Q-type calcium channel was present on these neurons. In addition to the calcium currents, a fast voltage-gated sodium current was observed in many starburst cells. This current could be blocked by tetrodotoxin (200-500 nM). The differing kinetics and durations of the sodium and calcium cut-rents could play important roles in the regulation of synaptic release and in the coordination of spiking by starburst amacrine cell dendrites during retinal development and in the encoding of motion across the retinal surface.

关键词： starburst amacrine cell voltage-dependent calcium channels voltage-dependent sodium channels direction selectivity action potential

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BRAIN RESEARCH 1985年第1-2期327卷 331-335页

作者： MENDELSON, JR CYNADER, MS DALHOUSIE UNIV DEPT PHYSIOLHALIFAX B3H 4J1NSCANADA

Responses of 65 single auditory cortex (AI) neurons to frequency-modulated (FM) sweeps with different rates and direction of frequency change were examined quantitatively. Most units responded differentially depending on the characteristics of the FM sweep stimulus. Sixty-five percent of the units encountered responded at least twice as well for one direction of the FM sweep as for the other direction. Of these direction selective neurons, 67% preferred downward-directed FM sweeps (i.e. changing from high to low frequencies) while only 33% preferred upward-directed FM sweeps. The preference for downward-directed FM sweeps was especially clear in EI cells. In addition, cortical neurons often displayed sensitivity to the rate of frequency modulation (speed sensitivity).

关键词： auditory cortex FM sweep direction selectivity speed selectivity

Identification of synaptic pattern of NMDA receptor subunits upon direction-selective retinal ganglion cells in developing and adult mouse retina

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ACTA HISTOCHEMICA 2017年第5期119卷 495-507页

作者： Lee, Jun-Seok Kim, Hang-Gu Jeon, Chang-Jin Kyungpook Natl Univ Coll Nat Sci Sch Life Sci Dept BiolBK21 Plus KNU Creat BioRes Grp Daegu 41566 Daegu 41566 South Korea

direction selectivity of the retina is a unique mechanism and critical function of eyes for surviving. direction selective retinal ganglion cells (DS RGCs) strongly respond to preferred directional stimuli, but rarely respond to the opposite or null directional stimuli. These DS RGCs are sensitive to glutamate, which is secreted from bipolar cells. Using immunocytochemistry, we studied with the distributions of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits on the dendrites of DS RGCs in the developing and adult mouse retina. DS RGCs were injected with Lucifer yellow for identification of dendritic morphology. The triple-labeled images of dendrites, kinesin II, and NMDA receptor subunits were visualized using confocal microscopy and were reconstructed from high resolution confocal images. Although our results revealed that the synaptic pattern of NMDA receptor subunits on dendrites of DS RGCs was not asymmetric in developing and adult mouse retina, they showed the anatomical connectivity of NMDA glutamatergic synapses onto DS RGCs and the developmental formation of the direction selectivity in the mouse retina. Through the comprehensive interpretation of the direction-selective neural circuit, this study, therefore, implies that the direction selectivity may be generated by the asymmetry of the excitatory glutamatergic inputs and the inhibitory inputs onto DS RGCs.

关键词： direction selectivity NMDA receptor Retinal ganglion cell Living cell injection Immunocytochemishy

Synaptic depression and the temporal response characteristics of V1 cells

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Visual response characteristics of neurons in the second visual area of marmosets

JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE 1998年第12期18卷 4785-4799页

作者： Chance, FS Nelson, SB Abbott, LF Brandeis Univ Volen Ctr Waltham MA 02254 USA Brandeis Univ Dept Biol Waltham MA 02254 USA

We explore the effects of short-term synaptic depression on the temporal dynamics of VI responses to visual images by constructing a model simple cell. Synaptic depression is modeled on the basis of previous detailed fits to experimental data. A component of synaptic depression operating in the range of hundreds of milliseconds can account for a number of the unique temporal characteristics of cortical neurons, including the bandpass nature of frequency-response curves, increases in response amplitude and in cutoff frequency for transient stimuli, nonlinear temporal summation, and contrast-dependent shifts in response phase. Synaptic depression also provides a mechanism for generating the temporal phase shifts needed to produce direction selectivity, and a model constructed along these lines matches both extracellular and intracellular data. A slower component of depression can reproduce the effects of contrast adaptation.

关键词： primary visual cortex short-term plasticity direction selectivity contrast adaptation simple cells temporal summation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第9期16卷 1871-1876页

作者： Yin Yang Ke Chen Marcello G.P.Rosa Hsin-Hao Yu Li-Rong Kuang Jie Yang Department of Ophthalmology Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences&Sichuan Provincial People’s HospitalChengduSichuan ProvinceChina College of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuan ProvinceChina School of Life Science and Technology University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuan ProvinceChina Department of Physiology Monash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia Chengdu Medical College ChengduSichuan ProvinceChina Department of Neurology Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences&Sichuan Provincial People’s HospitalChengduSichuan ProvinceChina

The physiological characteristics of the marmoset second visual area(V2) are poorly understood compared with those of the primary visual area(V1). In this study, we observed the physiological response characteristics of V2 neurons in four healthy adult marmosets using intracortical tungsten microelectrodes. We recorded 110 neurons in area V2, with receptive fields located between 8° and 15° eccentricity. Most(88.2%) of these neurons were orientation selective, with half-bandwidths typically ranging between 10° and 30°. A significant proportion of neurons(28.2%) with direction selectivity had a direction index greater than 0.5. The vast majority of V2 neurons had separable spatial frequency and temporal frequency curves and, according to this criterion, they were not speed selective. The basic functional response characteristics of neurons in area V2 resemble those found in area V1. Our findings show that area V2 together with V1 are important in primate visual processing, especially in locating objects in space and in detecting an object's direction of motion. The methods used in this study were approved by the Monash University Animal Ethics Committee, Australia(MARP 2009-2011) in 2009.

关键词： direction selectivity electrophysiological recording marmoset orientation selectivity receptive field second visual area spatial frequency speed selectivity temporal frequency