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DIFFERENT REINNERVATION PATTERNS IN THE CELIAC/MESENTERIC AND SUPERIOR CERVICAL-GANGLIA FOLLOWING GUANETHIDINE SYMPATHECTOMY IN ADULT-RATS

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BRAIN RESEARCH 1994年第2期644卷 322-326页

作者： BENARROCH, EE ZOLLMAN, PJ SMITHSON, IL SCHMELZER, JD LOW, PA Neurophysiology Laboratory Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation Rochester MN 55905 USA

We sought to determine whether chronic guanethidine (Gu) treatment in adult rats produces depletion of sympathetic neurons and hyperinnervation by sensory neuropeptides in the celiac/superior mesenteric (C/SMG) ganglion. Rats received. du 40 mg/kg per day i.p or saline for 5 weeks. Upon completion of treatment, the C/SMG and the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) were examined for neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), both by immunocytochemistry (ICC) and radioimmunoassay (RIA). Gu produced marked depletion of NPY-containing neurons and NPY content in the C/SMG, similar to that in the SCG (- 89 +/- 2 vs. - 92 +/- 4%, respectively). SP and CGRP immunoreactivities were significantly higher in control C/SMG as compared with SCG;after Gu treatment, there was no significant increase in either SP or CGRP in the C/SMG, however, both increased in the SCG. In contrast, VIP levels were similar in the SCG and C/SMG in controls and increased in the C/SMG but not in the SCG after Gu treatment. Thus, in adult rats, the C/SMG is as susceptible as the SCG to Gu treatment;the different pattern of hyperinnervation by SP, CGRP and VIP of the C/SMG as compared with the SCG may reflect the different sources for these neuropeptides in prevertebral as compared with paravertebral ganglia.

关键词： SYMPATHECTOMY NEUROPEPTIDE Y SUBSTANCE P CALCITONIN GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE PREVERTEBRAL ganglion

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海马突触传递长时程增强效应(LTP)的局部扩布

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Neuroscience Bulletin 1994年第3期18卷 20-20页

海马突触传递长时程增强效应（ＬＴＰ）的局部扩布目前公认突触专一性是ＬＴＰ的一个重要特征，即突触传递的增强选择地发生于接受强直刺激的传人通路，同一神经元的其它传人通路则不受影响。本文证明Ｉ。ＴＰ并不局限于被诱导的神经元... 详细信息

海马突触传递长时程增强效应（ＬＴＰ）的局部扩布目前公认突触专一性是ＬＴＰ的一个重要特征，即突触传递的增强选择地发生于接受强直刺激的传人通路，同一神经元的其它传人通路则不受影响。本文证明Ｉ。ＴＰ并不局限于被诱导的神经元，可以扩布到邻近的神经元。作者对两...

关键词： intracellular recording sympathetic ganglion in vivo synaptic potential

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Dual innervation of spinal ganglion neurons on perineum and bladder

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第2期43卷 137-140页

作者： Guowei Lü Zhuo Meng Baohong Li Zhigao Jin Capital Univ Med Sci Dept Neurobiol Beijing 100054 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Tradit Chinese Med Inst Acupuncture Beijing 100700 Peoples R China

Experiments were performed on 13 Wister rats. Fastblus (FB) was injected into subcutaneous tissue in perineum area and nuclear yellow (NY) was injected into subserous lamina of the bladder wall, respectively. FB, NY and FB+NY were mostly found in the spinal ganglions of L6, S1 ans S2 segments. The numbers of FB,NY and FB+NY labeled cells were 146, 186 and 81, in a total of 463 labeled cells and their proportion was 40%, 51% and 9%, respectively. The result indicates that the spinal ganglion neurons dually innervate both the somatic and visceral tissues, and the convergence of somato_visceral sensory pathways might occur in the spinal ganglion cells.

关键词： spinal ganglion double fluorescent labeling somatovisceral interaction.

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Neuroethology of Melibe leonina swimming Behavior

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AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST 2001年第4期41卷 1026-1035页

作者： Watson, WH Lawrence, KA Newcomb, JM Univ New Hampshire Dept Zool Durham NH 03824 USA Univ New Hampshire Ctr Marine Biol Durham NH 03824 USA Univ Washington Friday Harbor Labs Friday Harbor WA 98250 USA

The nudibranch Melibe leonina swims by rhythmically flexing its body from side to side at a frequency of 1 cycle every 2-5 sec. Melibe swim spontaneously, when they are dislodged from the substrate, or when they come in contact with predatory seastars, such as Pycnopodia helianthoides. Intracellular recordings obtained from semi-intact swimming Melibe reveal a population of similar to15 swim motoneurons (SMNs) in each pedal ganglion. In general, SMNs in one pedal ganglion fire out-of-phase with SMNs in the opposite pedal ganglion, resulting in rhythmic side-to-side bending movements. In isolated brains, recordings from SMNs yield similar results, indicating the existence of a swim central pattern generator (CPG). There is no evidence for synaptic interactions between SMNs and either inhibiting or exciting SMNs has no impact on the swim pattern. The SMNs are driven by a CPG consisting of 4 interneurons;2 in the cerebropleural ganglia and 1 in each pedal ganglion. Appropriate bursting activity in the swim interneurons is necessary for swimming to occur. Either hyperpolarization or depolarization of any of the 4 CPG interneurons disrupts the normal swim pattern. Swimming behavior, and the fictive swim motor program expressed by the isolated brain, are inhibited by light and nitric oxide donors. NADPH-diaphorase staining and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunocytochemistry of Melibe brains suggests the source of nitric oxide might be a pair of bilaterally symmetrical cells located in the cerebropleural ganglia.

关键词： .recordings Interneurons ganglia motoneurons AMER ZOOL ganglion pedal pattern generator semi-intact spontaneously LEONINA Center for Marine nudibranch Melibe SMNs

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MUCOID CYST OF THE PERIPHERIAL NERVES - ONE OPERATED PEDIATRIC CASE

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CHIRURGIE PEDIATRIQUE 1990年第3期31卷 181-184页

作者： PREVOT, J GOUDOT, B AYMARD, B GAGNEUX, E France

The authors report a case of twelve old young man, operated on for a ganglion cyst of the common peroneal nerve. The lesion is rare, and is characterized by an accumulation of a mucoid substance in the sheath, compressing progressively the fibres of the nerve. The case was revealed with pain, paralysis and tumefaction of the nerve. The pathogenie is uncertain. An early treatment, consisting of evacuation of the cyst and interfascicular neurolysis through the dissecting microscope, obtains usually a good functional result.

关键词： ganglion MUCOID CYST

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Obstructive jaundice due to a rare periampullary tumor

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2013年第10期5卷 195-197页

作者： Anjana Sathyamurthy Abhishek Choudhary Dennis Ng Shuaib Okponobi Alberto Diaz-Arias Ajitinder Grewal Ghassan M Hammoud Division of Gastro-enterology and Hepatology University of Missouri-Columbia Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences University of Missouri Health Sciences Center

Gangliocytic paraganglioma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor predominantly arising in the second part of the duodenum with rare local recurrence or metastasis to regional lymph nodes.A 92-year-old female presented with obstructive *** exam she had pale conjunctiva and icteric *** examination revealed tenderness in the upper *** data was consistent with obstructive *** tomography of the abdomen revealed a dilated gall bladder and a common bile duct(CBD)with no evidence of liver lesions or pancreatic head *** ultrasonography revealed a 1 cm isoechoic submucosal nodule at the periampullary area,dilated CBD(9 mm),a prominent pancreatic duct(4.1 mm)and a hydropic gall bladder with no *** retrograde cholangiopancreaticography was performed to relieve obstruction and showed a 1 cm periampullary mass which underwent an en-bloc snare *** analyses with immunohistochemical stains were positive for cytokeratin,synaptophysin,S-100 protein,neuron specific enolase and negative for actin and desmin consistent with periampullary gangliocytic *** gangliocytic paraganglioma is a rare benign tumor of the small *** presentation includes abdominal pain and obstructive jaundice which should be included in differential diagnosis of obstructive *** resection is a curative therapy in the absence of local invasion or distant metastasis.

关键词： Gangliocytic paraganglioma Periampullary tumor Spindle-shaped Epitheloid ganglion cells Jaundice Duodenum Endoscopic mucosal resection

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The use of routine wrist radiography is not useful in the evaluation of patients with a ganglion cyst of the wrist

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Hand 2007年第3期2卷 117-119页

作者： Wong, Andrew S. Jebson, Peter J.L. Murray, Peter M. Trigg, Stephen D. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Michigan Health System Ann Arbor MI 48109-0328 United States Division of Elbow and Hand Surgery Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Michigan Health System Ann Arbor MI 48109-0328 United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Mayo Clinic Jacksonville FL 32224 4500 San Pablo Road United States

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of routine wrist radiography in the evaluation of patients with a wrist ganglion. In the setting of a University-based hand surgery practice, 103 consecutive patients with a dorsal or volar wrist ganglion underwent posteroanterior, lateral, and oblique radiographs of the involved wrist. There were 24 men and 79 women with an average age of 34 years (range 4-67 years). A retrospective review of the medical records was performed. Abnormalities on plain radiographs were noted in only 13 patients (13%). Findings included six cases of thumb carpometacarpal joint arthritis and one case each of an enchondroma, congenital distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) anomaly, DRUJ degenerative changes, intraosseous ganglion, carpal boss, radiocarpal arthritis, and thumb metacarpophalangeal joint osteoarthritis. In only one case (1%) did the findings alter the management. At our institution, the professional and technical charge for three views of the wrist is $172. This confers a cost of $17,716 per therapeutically significant finding in our series. We conclude that routinely performing wrist radiography is not cost-effective in the evaluation and treatment decision-making process in patients with a wrist ganglion. © American Association for Hand Surgery 2007.

关键词： Cost-effective ganglion Radiographs Wrist

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PROTEIN CARBOXYMETHYLASE ACTIVITY IN THE RAT SUPERIOR CERVICAL-ganglion DURING DEVELOPMENT AND AFTER AXONAL INJURY

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BRAIN RESEARCH 1980年第2期183卷 393-402页

作者： GILAD, GM GAGNON, C KOPIN, IJ NIMH CLIN SCI LABBETHESDAMD 20205

The activity of protein carboxymethylase (PCM), which catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to carboxyl side chains of proteins to form labile protein-methylesters, was examined in the rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) and iris during development. In the ganglion the enzyme activity, 3.3±0.3 pmol methanol/ganglion/10 min at birth, gradually increased reaching adult levels, 28.3±3, by the 30th postnatal day, an 8-fold increase which parallels the increase in protein content. In the iris, one of the target tissues innervated by ganglion neurons, the activity, 3.9±0.09 at birth, increases only about 4-fold during development. The source of PCM activity in the iris is mainly in tissues other than sympathetic terminals, since 10 days after removal of the ganglion, about 85% of the enzyme activity is still present in the ipsilateral iris as compared to contralateral controls. One day after crushing the postganglionic nerve, enzyme activity in the proximal nerve stump increases to 126% of control values suggesting an accumulation due to blockade of axonal transport. PCM activity in SCG does not increase after postganglionic nerve section and there is only a transient increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity. Because the protein content of the ganglion increases after axonal injury, there appear to be decreases in enzyme concentration relative to protein. The results of this study show that during postnatal development protein carboxymethylase activity in the superior cervical ganglion gradually increases with growth; that the enzyme is present in neurons of the ganglion and may be transported down their axons; and that changes in the enzyme activity during the reaction to axonal injury are comparable to those of other enzymes important in neuronal function.

关键词： car☐ymethylase ganglion neuronal development

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ganglion cysts of the wrist: A prospective study of a simple outpatient management

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Acta Orthopaedica Belgica 2005年第5期71卷 528-534页

作者： Singhal, Rishi Angmo, Norzin Gupta, Shailendra Kumar, Vinod Mehtani, Anil Maulana Azad Medical College Lok Nayak Hospital New Delhi India Department of Orthopaedics Maulana Azad Medical College Lok Nayak Hospital New Delhi - 110002 India Edgbaston Birmingham B15 3LX 26 Lloyd Square United Kingdom

We present the results of a modified minimally invasive surgical technique in the management of ganglia of the wrist. Twenty six ganglia have been treated by this method. The patient satisfaction for the procedure was 92.3%. An average of 2 days were lost off work consequent to the procedure. The use of this technique has resulted in a 77.9% mean resolution in size with 50% of the patients showing complete resolution. There were no recurrences noted in the 2 year follow-up. © 2005, Acta Orthopædica Belgica.

关键词： ganglion Linen Minimally invasive

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Effects of etanercept on the apoptosis of ganglion cells and expression of Fas, TNF-α, caspase-8 in the retina of diabetic rats

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第7期12卷 1083-1088页

作者： Qin Ye Yu-Ni Lin Mao-Song Xie Yi-Hua Yao Shu-Min Tang Yan Huang Xiao-Hui Wang Yi-Hua Zhu Department of Ophthalmology the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350005Fujian ProvinceChina XiaMen Haicang Hospital Xiamen 361026Fujian ProvinceChina Fijian Medical University Fuzhou 350005Fujian ProvinceChina

AIM: To evaluate the effects of etanercept on the expression of Fas, tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) and caspase-8 in the early stage of the apoptotic pathway in diabetic rats, and to explore the therapeutic effect of etanercept on diabetic ***: A total of 60 Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly and evenly divided into 3 groups with 20 rats each, including control group, and diabetic groups with or without treatment. Streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats were established for diabetic groups. Blood glucose and body weight were measured weekly. All the rats were sacrificed at the 12 wk after treatment. The expressions of Fas, TNF-α and caspase-8 in rat retina were quantitatively detected by PCR and Western blot. The leakage of Evan blue was adopted to measure the retinal vascular leakage quantitatively, and to compare it among different groups. TUNEL method was used to compare the amount of apoptotic bodies quantitatively in rat retina ganglion cells under electron ***: The expressions of Fas, TNF-α and caspase-8 in each group were compared via PCR and Western blot, in which the diabetic group with treatment was lower than those without treatment(P<0.01), but all the diabetic groups were higher than the control group(P<0.01). Evans blue leakage in the diabetic treatment group was lower than those without treatment(P<0.01), but those in the control group was the lowest compared with the other two groups(P<0.01). TUNEL method showed that the apoptoticbodies of retina in the diabetic treatment group was lower than those without treatment(P<0.01), while those in the control group was the lowest compared with the other two groups(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Etanercept can effectively reduce the expression of Fas, TNF-α and caspase-8, as well as the retinal leakage and retinal cell apoptosis in diabetic rats.

关键词： etanercept ganglion cells Fas tumor necrosis factor-alpha caspase-8 apoptosis diabetes rat

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