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mancozeb Residue on Tomatoes in Central Uganda

Journal of health & pollution 2015年第8期5卷 1-6页

作者： Emmanuel Kaye Antony Nyombi Innocent Louis Mutambuze Ruth Muwesa HYPA Consortium Directorate of Government Analytical Laboratory Kampala Uganda. Makerere University Kampala Uganda.

BACKGROUND:mancozeb belongs to a group of pesticides known as dithiocarbamates (DTC) that are a non-systemic group of pesticides extensively used in Uganda to protect crops from fungal diseases.OBJECTIVES:This study was done in 5 selected districts of Central Uganda with a focus on markets and farms to investigate the current mancozeb concentrations on tomatoes and identify key areas of improvement to minimize human exposure.METHODS:Tomato samples were analyzed for mancozeb residue determined as carbon disulfide (CS) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS).RESULTS:All the samples analyzed had detectable concentrations of mancozeb residue. It was observed that farm samples had mean concentrations of 1.03±0.28 mg/kg, while market samples had 0.77±0.49 mg/kg. The study also found that farmers applied 3-6 times the dosage of mancozeb recommended by manufacturers. Furthermore, the observed pre-harvest interval after application of mancozeb was 1-2 days as opposed to 3-7 days set by manufacturers.CONCLUSIONS:The observed practices at farms are likely to put farmers and final consumers at a risk of exposure to dithiocarbamates.

关键词： mancozeb Uganda dithiocarbamates fungal disease fungicide residue tomatoes

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RTP801 Regulates Maneb- and mancozeb-Induced Cytotoxicity via NF-κB

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JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY 2014年第7期28卷 302-311页

作者： Cheng, Shu-Yuan Oh, Seon Velasco, Marcela Ta, Christine Montalvo, Jessica Calderone, Alyssa CUNY John Jay Coll Criminal Justice Dept Sci New York NY 10019 USA

Environmental factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Maneb (MB) and mancozeb (MZ) have been extensively used as pesticides. Exposure to MB lowers the threshold for dopaminergic damage triggered by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. MB and MZ potentiate 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridium (MPP+)-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells partially via nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) activation. RTP801 dramatically increased by oxidative stresses and DNA damage is the possible mechanism of neurotoxins-induced cell death in many studies. This study demonstrated that MB and MZ induced DNA damage as seen in comet assay. The expressions of RTP801 protein and mRNA were elevated after MB and MZ exposures. By knocking down RTP801 using shRNA, we demonstrated that NF-kappa B activation by MB and MZ was regulated by RTP801 and cell death triggered by MB and MZ was associated with RTP801 elevation. This revealed that the toxic mechanisms of dithiocarbamates are via the cross talk between RTP801 and NF-kappa B. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： RTP801 NF-kappa B maneb mancozeb

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Dissipation of Residues of mancozeb and Metalaxyl in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

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BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013年第2期90卷 248-251页

作者： Rani, Ritu Sharma, Vineet K. Rattan, G. S. Singh, Balwinder Sharma, Neeraj Punjab Agr Univ Dept Plant Pathol Ludhiana 141001 Punjab India Punjab Agr Univ Dept Entomol Ludhiana 141001 Punjab India

Dissipation of mancozeb and metalaxyl in tomato was estimated following four applications of a combination formulation Ridomil MZ (mancozeb 64% + metalaxyl 8%) at 0.25 and 0.50% at 10 days interval by carbon disulphide evolution method and gas liquid chromatography with nitrogen phosphorous detector, respectively. Half-life periods for mancozeb were 3.76 and 4.14 days, whereas for metalaxyl these values were 1.29 and 0.41 days at single and double the application rates, respectively. Residues of mancozeb dissipated below limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.25 mg kg(-1) after 10 and 15 days at single and double the application dosage, respectively. Similarly, residues of metalaxyl took 3 and 5 days to reach LOQ of 0.02 mg kg(-1), at single and double dosages, respectively.

关键词： mancozeb Metalaxyl Residues Dissipation

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Assessment of variable agroclimatic impact on dissipation kinetics of ready-mix fungicide formulation in green chili for harmonization of food safety

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JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS 2022年第0期110卷

作者： Mandal, Swagata Poi, Rajlakshmi Hazra, Dipak Kumar Bhattacharyya, Sudip Banerjee, Hemanta Karmakar, Rajib Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya All India Network Project Pesticide Residues Directorate Res Nadia W Bengal India

Multi-locational supervised field trials were conducted with ready-mix formulation of two fungicides, tricyclazole (18%) + mancozeb (62%) in green chili (Capsicum annuum) to assess the impacts of variable weather conditions on the residual profile for more realistic food safety evaluation. Liquid chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry [LC-ESI(+ve)-MS/MS] and Ultraviolet Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer have been employed for tricyclazole and mancozeb determination respectively. Tricyclazole was extracted in acetone: water (9:1) with dispersive solid phase extraction (D-SPE) cleaned up whereas mancozeb was digested in concentrated HCl and SnCl2. The developed method was successfully validated as per SANTE/12682/2019 guidelines. On green chilli, 225 + 775 g ***- 1(active ingredient per hectare) (1250 g formulation-ha-1) and 450 + 1550 g ***- 1 (active ingredient per hectare) (2500 g formulation-ha-1) of a combined formulation of tricyclazole (18%) and mancozeb (62%), WP, were employed as the recommended dose (T1) and double the recommended dose (T2), respectively. The initial depositions of tricyclazole were varied from 0.47 to 0.74 and 1.30-2.33 mg kg-1 and for mancozeb ranged from 0.93 to 1.31 and 2.68-4.13 mg kg-1 at the respective doses. The respective half-life (days) values of tricyclazole and mancozeb were 1.65-2.41 and 1.20-1.66 irrespective of doses and locations. The maximum residue limit (MRL) of 0.05 mg kg- 1 for tricyclazole in green chili has been proposed for Food Safety and Standard Authority of India (FASSAI), India with recommended pre-harvest intervals (PHI) of 12 days. The third location (Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat) with the least rainfall and humidity has recorded the highest initial deposition, persistence, half-life, and PHI. The ready-mix fungicide has also increased fresh yield up to 22-34%. All these data may provide valuable information on the safe use and promotion of fungicides mixture.

关键词： Tricyclazole mancozeb Chili LC-MS MS UV -Vis spectrophotometer

来源： SCIE

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Ozone and hydrogen peroxyacetic acid treatment to reduce or remove EBDCs and ETU residues in a solution

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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2001年第11期49卷 5689-5694页

作者： Hwang, ES Cash, JN Zabik, MJ Michigan State Univ Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr E Lansing MI 48824 USA Michigan State Univ Inst Environm Toxicol E Lansing MI 48824 USA Michigan State Univ Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr E Lansing MI 48824 USA

Laboratory studies were conducted in a model system to determine the effects of ozone (1 and 3 ppm) and hydrogen peroxyacetic acid (HPA) (5 and 50 ppm) at pH 4.6, 7.0, and 10.7 and at 10 and 21 degreesC on the degradation of mancozeb in solution over a 30 min period. All samples were analyzed for residues by GLC and HPLC. Ozonation and HPA treatment were effective in degrading mancozeb in solution. Rate of mancozeb degradation was dependent on pH, with the fastest rate at pH 7.0. Ethylenethiourea (ETU) residue concentrations in the mancozeb solutions were monitored over 60 min. Under controlled conditions, the ETU residue concentrations increased during the 15 min reaction time and then decreased for all three pH values. At 3 ppm of ozone treatment, no ETU residues were detected at all three pH ranges after 15 min of reaction time. Degradation of ETU by HPA was greatest at pH 4.6, and no ETU residues remained after 5 min at either 5 or 50 ppm. The results showed that ozone and HPA gave excellent degradation of pesticide residues depending on pH and temperature. These experiments indicated the potential for the removal of pesticide residues on fruit and in processed products.

关键词： EBDC fungicides mancozeb ethylenethiourea ozone hydrogen peroxyacetic acid

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Sensitivity of Botrytis squamosa to different classes of fungicides

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PLANT DISEASE 2003年第5期87卷 573-578页

作者： Tremblay, DM Talbot, BG Carisse, O Agr & Agri Food Canada St Jean PQ Canada Univ Sherbrooke Dept Biol Sherbrooke PQ Canada

An automated quantitative (AQ) assay was compared with radial growth on solid media and with dry weight in liquid culture for assaying fungicide sensitivity in Botrytis squamosa, the causal agent of onion leaf blight. Five isolates of B. squamosa were assayed for sensitivity to mancozeb (Dithane DG) and iprodione (Rovral) at five concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, and 50 ppm). For mancozeb, the correlations between 50% effective concentration (EC50) values obtained with the three assays were not significant;however for iprodione, correlations between EC50 values for AQ and radial growth and for AQ and dry weight were significant (r = 0.98 and 0.99, respectively). The AQ method was less time consuming and more reliable than the two standard assays. The AQ method was used to evaluate the sensitivity of 35 field isolates of B. squamosa to mancozeb (Dithane DG), iprodione (Rovral), vinclozolin (Ronilan DF), and chlorothalonil (Bravo 500). All isolates were sensitive to mancozeb (EC50 ranged from 3.36 to 12.97) and chlorothalonil (EC50 mancozeb, iprodione, and vinclozolin, respectively. Cross-resistance was observed for the two dicarboximide fungicides, iprodione and vinclozolin, with a significant correlation (r = 0.94) in the sensitivity of the 35 isolates to these two fungicides.

关键词： .onion dry weight radial Botrytis assayed different classes CHLOROTHALONIL mancozeb Vinclozolin EC values leaf blight iprodione fungicide sensitivity dithane automated quantitative AQ assay isolates of squamosa

来源： SCIE MEDLINE期刊

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Evaluation of a Dry Extract System Involving NIR Spectroscopy (DESIR) for Rapid Assessment of Pesticide Contamination of Fruit Surfaces

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2012年第8期3卷 524-533页

作者： Umesh Kumar Acharya Phul Prasad Subedi Kerry Brian Walsh Central Queensland University Institute for Resource Industries and Sustainability Plant Science Group Rockhampton Australia

The dry-extract system for (near) infrared (DESIR) technique was implemented using reflectance near-infrared spec-troscopy in context of detection of contact pesticide residues on fruit. Based on chemical structure, spectra features and regression statistics for PLSR models, a product containing metiram and pyraclostrobin was chosen from six pesticides for further consideration. Regression models based on spectra of dry extracts of aqueous solutions and either acetone or water washes of contaminated fruit were encouraging (RMSECV of approximately 0.03 - 0.06 mg a.i.). This level of analytical performance would support the use of the technique as a rapid screening tool, with suspect samples then subject to the reference GC-MS analysis method. However, the PLSR model performance was poor across populations of fruit, suggesting that matrix changes in the solvent wash between sets of fruit is problematic. Further work is required to establish whether sufficient variation can be built into a calibration set to overcome this issue, without degrading model performance to the point where it loses practical application.

关键词： Apple Mango Tomato Fungicide Insecticide Aero Metiram Pyraclostrobin Octave Prochloraz Penncozeb mancozeb Amistar Azoxystrobin Applaud Buprofezin Lorsban Chlorpyrifos Near Infrared Pesticide

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Effects of mancozeb on citrus rhizosphere bacterial community

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MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS 2021年第0期154卷 104845-104845页

作者： Huang, Zhendong Wang, Peng Pu, Zhanxu Lu, Lianming Chen, Guoqing Hu, Xiurong Fayyaz, Amna Gai, Yunpeng Citrus Res Inst Zhejiang Prov Taizhou City 318020 Zhejiang Peoples R China Univ Calif Davis Dept Plant Pathol Davis CA 95616 USA Zhejiang Univ Inst Biotechnol Key Lab Mol Biol Crop Pathogens & Insects Minist Agr Hangzhou 310058 Peoples R China

Multiple and consecutive application of fungicide might damage the rhizosphere bacterial community of citrus. In order to evaluated effect of mancozeb on the chemical properties of citrus-cultivated soil and the richness and diversity of rhizosphere bacterial community. The abundance response of rhizosphere bacterial groups without application or with application of 1.333 g mg-1 mancozeb for 2, 4, 6 and 8 times were investigated, and further studied the relationship between the rhizosphere bacterial community and chemical properties of citruscultivated soil. We found the rhizosphere bacterial composition and diversity were distinct between soil planted with citrus and without citrus, in addition, the abundance of rhizosphere-associated bacterial species in the soil planted with citrus increased significantly. Meanwhile, the chemical properties and the richness and diversity of rhizosphere bacterial community of the soil planted with citrus did not significantly change among different application frequence of mancozeb. Moreover, with the increased applying times of mancozeb, the relative abundance of Candidatus, Saccharibacteria, Parcubacteria, and Proteobacteria increased but the abundance of Nitrospirae decreased. In our one-year trial, there were less adverse effects of mancozeb on the citrus-cultivated rhizosphere by the repeated application of mancozeb. Therefore, mancozeb, as a fungicide, could be used multiple times to control citrus disease.

关键词： Citrus Root rhizosphere mancozeb Bacteria community Diversity

来源： SCIE

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Effects of prenatal paraquat and mancozeb exposure on amino acid synaptic transmission in developing mouse cerebellar cortex

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DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH 2005年第1期160卷 19-27页

作者： Miranda-Contreras, L Dávila-Ovalles, R Benítez-Díaz, P Peña-Contreras, Z Palacios-Prü, E Univ Los Andes Elect Microscopy Ctr Merida Venezuela

The goal of this study was to analyze the effects of prenatal exposure to the pesticides paraquat (PQ) and mancozeb (MZ) on the development of synaptic transmission in mouse cerebellar cortex. Pregnant NMRI mice were treated with either saline, 10 mg/kg PQ 30 mg/kg MZ or the combination of PQ + MZ, between gestational days 12 (E12) and E20. Variation in the levels of amino acid neurotransmitters was determined by HPLC, between postnatal day 1 (P1) and P30. Motor coordination was assessed by locomotor activity evaluation of control and experimental pups at P14, P21 and P30. Significant reductions in the levels of excitatory neurotransmitters, aspartate and glutamate, were observed in PQ-, MZ- or combined PQ + MZ-exposed Pups, with respect to control, during peak periods of excitatory innervation of Purkinje cells: between P2-P5 and P11-P15. However, at P30, lower aspartate contents, in contrast with increased glutamate levels, were detected in all experimental groups. During the first two postnatal weeks, delays in GABA and glycine ontogenesis were observed in PQ- and PQ + MZ-exposed pups, whereas notable decrements in GABA and glycine levels were seen in PQ + MZ-exposed animals. Decreased taurine contents were detected at P3 and P11 in PQ- and PQ + MZ-exposed mice. Pups in different experimental groups all showed hyperactivity at P14 and then exhibited reduced locomotor activity at P30. Taken together, our results indicate that prenatal exposure to either PQ or MZ or the combination of both could alter the chronology and magnitude of synaptic transmission in developing mouse cerebellar cortex. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： paraquat mancozeb amino acid neurotransmitter cerebellar development mouse

来源： SCIE

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gio-Efficacy of New Combination Products against Downy Mildew of Grapes

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Annals of Biology 2007年第1期23卷 53-56页

作者： H.VIRUPAKSHA PRABHU Department of Plant Pathology University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad-580 005 (Karnataka) India

Bio-efficacy of new combination products viz., fenamidone 10%+mancozeb 50% and fenamidone 4.44%+fosety! Al 66.6% were evaluated against downy mildew of grapes during November-December for two years (2000 and 2001). The results indicated the superiority of these combination products at different dosages viz., 1.0 and 1.5 kg/ha f皉 fenamidone 10%+mancozeb 50% and 2.0 and 2.5 kg/ha for fenamidone 4.44%+fosetyl Al 66.6% in reducing the disease by more than 79.5 and 84.5%, respectively, over unsprayed control. These combination products were significantly superior over other fungicides (Metalaxyl MZ, fosetyl Al and mancozeb) when applied alone in reducing the downy mildew incidence without any phytotoxic effects.

关键词： Fenamidone 10%+mancozeb 50% fenamidone 4.44%+fosetyl Al 66.6% downy mildew control bio-efficacy Vitis vinifera propamocarb new combination mancozeb aluminium Combination Product

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