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No longer a threat: a failure to evoke stereotype threat using the race IAT

Journal of Articles in Support of the Null Hypothesis 2019年第2期15卷 121-128页

作者： Jurs, Bethany S. Weber, Hannah E. Bowen, Mya E. Hazelwood, William H. Cooksey, Kathryn D. Katzarska-Miller, Iva Transylvania University

Previous research has argued the Implicit Association Test (IAT) can be used to demonstrate stereotype threat, specifically the fear of white individuals to be perceived as racist. To establish the extent to which this tool can evoke physiological anxiety surrounding the threat, participants completed the IAT under three separate threat conditions while both behavioral and arousal measures were recorded. Results did not show evidence of the stereotype threat, nor any changes in arousal. However, participants did show implicit biases favoring European Americans. These findings suggest several experimental considerations before attempting to use the IAT to evoke a stereotype threat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： implicit association test (IAT) physiological measures racism stereotype threat

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The Evaluation of Emotional Intelligence by the Analysis of Heart Rate Variability

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SENSORS 2023年第5期23卷 2839-2839页

作者： Lee, Gangyoung Park, Sung Whang, Mincheol Sangmyung Univ Dept Emot Engn Seoul 03016 South Korea Sangmyung Univ Dept Human Centered Artificial Intelligence Seoul 03016 South Korea

Emotional intelligence (EI) is a critical social intelligence skill that refers to an individual's ability to assess their own emotions and those of others. While EI has been shown to predict an individual's productivity, personal success, and ability to maintain positive relationships, its assessment has primarily relied on subjective reports, which are vulnerable to response distortion and limit the validity of the assessment. To address this limitation, we propose a novel method for assessing EI based on physiological responses-specifically heart rate variability (HRV) and dynamics. We conducted four experiments to develop this method. First, we designed, analyzed, and selected photos to evaluate the ability to recognize emotions. Second, we produced and selected facial expression stimuli (i.e., avatars) that were standardized based on a two-dimensional model. Third, we obtained physiological response data (HRV and dynamics) from participants as they viewed the photos and avatars. Finally, we analyzed HRV measures to produce an evaluation criterion for assessing EI. Results showed that participants' low and high EI could be discriminated based on the number of HRV indices that were statistically different between the two groups. Specifically, 14 HRV indices, including HF (high-frequency power), lnHF (the natural logarithm of HF), and RSA (respiratory sinus arrhythmia), were significant markers for discerning between low and high EI groups. Our method has implications for improving the validity of EI assessment by providing objective and quantifiable measures that are less vulnerable to response distortion.

关键词： emotion intelligence heart rate variability physiological measures

来源： SCIE MultidisciplinaryDig...

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Effects of protective respiratory devices and physical workloads in harsh weather conditions on individuals' physiological measures and exertion ratings

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WORK-A JOURNAL OF PREVENTION ASSESSMENT & REHABILITATION 2012年第3期42卷 435-445页

作者： Ramadan, Mohamed Zaki King Saud Univ Riyadh Saudi Arabia

Objective: Although respiratory device is an essential item to protect the wearer from hazardous gases and dust, it tends to increase heat load on the workers. The goal of this paper was to select the appropriate respiratory devices that can be used in a harsh weather under different work-loads. Methods: Sixteen young male participants participated in this study. Participants exercised on an ergometer bike in a laboratory at 30% and 50% of their physical workloads, in temperature and humidity controlled environments (30 degrees C and 40 degrees C dry bulb temperatures with 50% and 90% Relative Humidity), while wearing six different respiratory devices. The effects on the participant's body functions (e. g., heart rate, aural canal temperature and blood pressure), and their subjective exertion ratings were measured. Results: Results proved that when wearing protective devices in hot environments, all physiological measures as well as exertion ratings were significantly increased. However, wearing half-face masks with two inlets exerted less stresses on the worker's physiological measures and subjective rating. Conclusions: This study recommended wearing half-face masks with two inlets to be used when performing tasks at hot environmental conditions.

关键词： Heat stress respiratory devices protective masks exertion rating physiological measures worker hot environment

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Cross-Task and Cross-Participant Classification of Cognitive Load in an Emergency Simulation Game

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AFFECTIVE COMPUTING 2023年第2期14卷 1558-1571页

作者： Appel, Tobias Gerjets, Peter Hoffmann, Stefan Moeller, Korbinian Ninaus, Manuel Scharinger, Christian Sevcenko, Natalia Wortha, Franz Kasneci, Enkelejda Hector Res Inst Educ Sci & Psychol D-72072 Tubingen Germany Leibniz Inst Wissensmedien D-72076 Tubingen Germany Promot Software GmbH D-72072 Tubingen Germany Univ Loughborough Ctr Math Cognit Loughborough LE11 3TU England Univ Innsbruck A-6020 Innsbruck Austria Daimler AG D-70546 Stuttgart Germany Univ Greifswald D-17489 Greifswald Germany Univ Tubingen Dept Human Comp Interact D-72074 Tubingen Germany

Assessment of cognitive load is a major step towards adaptive interfaces. However, non-invasive assessment is rather subjective as well as task specific and generalizes poorly, mainly due to methodological limitations. Additionally, it heavily relies on performance data like game scores or test results. In this study, we present an eye-tracking approach that circumvents these shortcomings and allows for effective generalizing across participants and tasks. First, we established classifiers for predicting cognitive load individually for a typical working memory task (n-back), which we then applied to an emergency simulation game by considering the similar ones and weighting their predictions. Standardization steps helped achieve high levels of cross-task and cross-participant classification accuracy between 63.78 and 67.25 percent for the distinction between easy and hard levels of the emergency simulation game. These very promising results could pave the way for novel adaptive computer-human interaction across domains and particularly for gaming and learning environments.

关键词： Task analysis Real-time systems Particle measurements Atmospheric measurements Adaptation models Games Load modeling Eye tracking physiology intelligent systems cognitive model physiological measures psychology adaptive and intelligent educational systems

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Objective and subjective responses to motion sickness: the group and the individual

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EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH 2021年第2期239卷 515-531页

作者： Irmak, Tugrul Pool, Daan M. Happee, Riender Delft Univ Technol Fac Mech Maritime & Mat Engn Cognit Robot Dept Leeghwaterstr Delft Netherlands Delft Univ Technol Fac Aerosp Engn Control & Simulat Sect Kluyverweg Delft Netherlands

We investigated and modeled the temporal evolution of motion sickness in a highly dynamic sickening drive. Slalom maneuvers were performed in a passenger vehicle, resulting in lateral accelerations of 0.4 g at 0.2 Hz, to which participants were subjected as passengers for up to 30 min. Subjective motion sickness was recorded throughout the sickening drive using the MISC scale. In addition, physiological and postural responses were evaluated by recording head roll, galvanic skin response (GSR) and electrocardiography (ECG). Experiment 1 compared external vision (normal view through front and side car windows) to internal vision (obscured view through front and side windows). Experiment 2 tested hypersensitivity with a second exposure a few minutes after the first drive and tested repeatability of individuals' sickness responses by measuring these two exposures three times in three successive sessions. An adapted form of Oman's model of nausea was used to quantify sickness development, repeatability, and motion sickness hypersensitivity at an individual level. Internal vision was more sickening compared to external vision with a higher mean MISC (4.2 vs. 2.3), a higher MISC rate (0.59 vs. 0.10 min(-1)) and more dropouts (66% vs. 33%) for whom the experiment was terminated due to reaching a MISC level of 7 (moderate nausea). The adapted Oman model successfully captured the development of sickness, with a mean model error, including the decay during rest and hypersensitivity upon further exposure, of 11.3%. Importantly, we note that knowledge of an individuals' previous motion sickness response to sickening stimuli increases individual modeling accuracy by a factor of 2 when compared to group-based modeling, indicating individual repeatability. Head roll did not vary significantly with motion sickness. ECG varied slightly with motion sickness and time. GSR clearly varied with motion sickness, where the tonic and phasic GSR increased 42.5% and 90%, respectively, above ba

关键词： Motion sickness Repeatability Modeling Internal external vision physiological measures

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Using Subgroup Discovery to Relate Odor Pleasantness and Intensity to Peripheral Nervous System Reactions

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AFFECTIVE COMPUTING 2023年第3期14卷 2005-2019页

作者： Moranges, Maelle Plantevit, Marc Bensafi, Moustafa Lyon Neurosci Res Ctr F-69500 Bron France Univ Lyon LIRIS Lab Villeurbanne Lyon France Ecole Ingn Informat Paris Sch Engn & Comp Sci F-94270 Le Kremlin Bicetre France

Activation of the autonomic nervous system is a primary characteristic of human hedonic responses to sensory stimuli. For smells, general tendencies of physiological reactions have been described using classical statistics. However, these physiological variations are generally not quantified precisely;each psychophysiological parameter has very often been studied separately and individual variability was not systematically considered. The current study presents an innovative approach based on data mining, whose goal is to extract knowledge from a dataset. This approach uses a subgroup discovery algorithm which allows extraction of rules that apply to as many olfactory stimuli and individuals as possible. These rules are described by intervals on a set of physiological attributes. Results allowed both quantifying how each physiological parameter relates to odor pleasantness and perceived intensity but also describing the participation of each individual to these rules. This approach can be applied to other fields of affective sciences characterized by complex and heterogeneous datasets.

关键词： Physiology Olfactory Data mining Task analysis Skin Sociology Classification algorithms Mining methods and algorithms pattern analysis physiological measures

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Effects of environmental colours in virtual reality: physiological arousal affected by lightness and hue

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ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023年第10期10卷 230432页

作者： Weijs, Marieke Lieve Jonauskaite, Domicele Reutimann, Ricarda Mohr, Christine Lenggenhager, Bigna Univ Zurich Dept Psychol CH-8006 Zurich Switzerland Swiss Fed Inst Technol Dept Hlth Sci & Technol CH-8050 Zurich Switzerland Univ Lausanne Inst Psychol CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland Univ Vienna Fac Psychol A-1010 Vienna Austria Univ Konstanz Dept Psychol D-78457 Constance Germany

It is a popular belief that colours impact one's psychological and affective functioning. However, clear-cut scientific evidence is still lacking, largely due to methodological challenges. Virtual reality (VR) enabled us to control and modify the environment. We exposed 60 participants to red or blue environments varying in lightness and saturation. We assessed participants' physiological responses (i.e. arousal) with heart rate and skin conductance measures, and their self-reported levels of valence and arousal in response to the coloured environments. The results revealed physiological effects of lightness and hue. When compared with the baseline measures, heart rate increased, and heart rate variability decreased more in the dark than the medium lightness rooms. Both measures signalled higher arousal in the darker room, irrespective of hue. Also, when compared with the baseline measures, skin conductance increased more in the red than the blue rooms, again signalling higher arousal in the red condition. The difference between the red and the blue conditions was detectable only on some saturation and lightness combinations. We conclude that being immersed in environments of different colours can change physiological arousal. However, not all changes are driven by hue and not all the effects are measurable on all physiological parameters.

关键词： virtual reality colour affect emotion arousal physiological measures

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Effect of self-relevance of a non-critical item on physiological responding on the concealed information test

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Japanese Journal of Psychology 2011年第5期82卷 459-466页

作者： Hanayama, Aiko Yamamoto, Shuichi Shibuya, Yusuke Scientific Investigation Laboratory Aomori Prefectural Police Head Quarters Shin-machi Aomori 030-0801 Japan Miyazaki Prefectural Police Head Quarters Japan Tottori Prefectural Police Head Quarters Japan

The effect of self-relevance of a non-critical item in the Concealed Information Test (CIT) was investigated. Respiration, skin conductance response (SCR), heart rate, and normalized pulse volume were recorded while performing the CIT using a stimulus set composed of 4 items (with one self-relevant item). Thirty participants were instructed to recognize one item as critical and the remaining items as non-critical (positive group), and 33 participants were instructed to recognize all items as non-critical (negative group). In the positive group, a differential reactivity was observed between the critical and non-critical items, despite the self-relevance of the non-critical item. In the negative group, a differential reactivity between the selfrelevant and non-self-relevant items was observed for SCR only. However, when individual data were analyzed, there was a differential reactivity between self-relevant and non-self-relevant items on physiological measures other than SCR for some participants in the negative group. These results suggest that the selfrelevance of a non-critical item might cause false positive results in "negative" participants, particularly when only SCR is used to assess differential reactivity.

关键词： Concealed information test Differential reactivity physiological measures Self-relevance

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Biochemical measures and frailty in people with intellectual disabilities

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AGE AND AGEING 2016年第1期45卷 142-148页

作者： Schoufour, Josje D. Echteld, Michael A. Boonstra, Andre Groothuismink, Zwier M. A. Evenhuis, Heleen M. Erasmus Univ Med Ctr Dept Gen Practice Intellectual Disabil Med POB 2040 NL-3000 CA Rotterdam Netherlands Univ Med Ctr Erasmus MC Dept Epidemiol Rotterdam Netherlands Erasmus Univ Med Ctr Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol Rotterdam Netherlands

Introduction: People with intellectual disabilities (ID) are earlier frail than people in the general population. Although this may be explained by lifelong unfavourable social, psychological and clinical causes, underlying physiological pathways might be considered too. Biological measures can help identify pathophysiological pathways. Therefore, we examined the association between frailty and a range of serum markers on inflammation, anaemia, the metabolic system, micronutrients and renal functioning. Methods: Participants (n = 757) with borderline to severe ID (50+) were recruited from three Dutch ID care and support services. Results: Frailty was measured with a frailty index, a measure based on the accumulation of deficits. Linear regression analyses were performed to identify associations between frailty and biochemical measures independent of age, gender, level of ID and the presence of Down syndrome. Frailty appears associated with inflammation (IL-6 and CRP), anaemia, metabolic markers (glucose, cholesterol and albumin) and renal functioning (cystatin-C and creatinine). Discussion: These results are in line with results observed in the general population. Future research needs to investigate the causal relation between biochemical measures and frailty, with a special focus on inflammation and nutrition. Furthermore, the possibility to screen for frailty using biochemical measures needs to be used.

关键词： frailty people with intellectual disability physiological measures inflammation nutritional status older people

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Workload measurement using physiological and activity measures for validation test: A case study for the main control room of a nuclear power plant

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ERGONOMICS 2020年 78卷 102974-102974页

作者： Gan, Yu Dong, Xiaolu Zhang, Yijing Zhang, Xuegang Jia, Ming Liu, Zhaopeng Li, Zhizhong China Nucl Power Engn Co Ltd CNPEC State Key Lab Nucl Power Safety Monitoring Techno Shenzhen Guangdong Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Dept Ind Engn Beijing Peoples R China Minist Ecol & Environm Nucl & Radiat Safety Ctr Beijing Peoples R China

In design of safety-critical and social-technical systems such as a nuclear power plant, practitioners are required to conduct a performance-based Integrated System Validation (ISV) test to verify that the system design could support the safe operation of the plant. Measurement of workload should be included. However, subjective workload measurements could not provide detailed information and continuous monitoring of the changing workload. This study compared physiological (heart rate difference, heart rate variability, respiration rate and breathing wave amplitude) and activity (number of walking steps, peak acceleration, activity level, and inclination) measures with workload defined as intensity of task demand and estimated with a task complexity measure in an ISV test. The test was conducted on a full-scale simulator using a beyond design-basis accident scenario. The results show that heart rate difference and respiration rate are positively correlated with the estimated workload, while heart rate variability and breathing wave amplitude are negatively correlated with the estimated workload. For operations using traditional panels, high workload is accompanied by larger number of walking steps, higher activity level, and smaller angles of inclination. It is suggested that continuous monitoring of cardiovascular, respiration, and activity measures can detect workload change during the ISV test. Relevance to industry: This study provides recommendations for continuous monitoring of workload during an ISV test of a nuclear power plant. The identified physiological and activity measures can be applied in detecting workload change. The findings are supportive in meeting regulatory requirements and improving system design in the nuclear domain.

关键词： Workload Task complexity physiological measures Nuclear power plants Validation test

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