The submandibular and sublingual glands maintain oral microbial homeostasis through multiple antimicrobial proteins

作者全名："Li, Yanan; Liu, Jingming; Guan, Tong; Zhang, Yuxin; Cheng, Qianyu; Liu, Huikai; Liu, Chang; Luo, Wenping; Chen, Hong; Chen, Liang; Zhao, Tianyu"

作者地址："[Li, Yanan; Liu, Jingming; Zhang, Yuxin; Cheng, Qianyu; Liu, Huikai; Liu, Chang; Luo, Wenping; Chen, Hong; Chen, Liang; Zhao, Tianyu] Chongqing Med Univ, Chongqing Key Lab Oral Dis & Biomed Sci, Stomatol Hosp, Chongqing, Peoples R China; [Li, Yanan; Liu, Jingming; Cheng, Qianyu; Liu, Huikai; Chen, Hong] Chongqing Med Univ, Dept Endodont, Stomatol Hosp, Chongqing, Peoples R China; [Li, Yanan; Zhang, Yuxin; Chen, Liang; Zhao, Tianyu] Chongqing Med Univ, Stomatol Hosp, Chongqing, Peoples R China; [Li, Yanan; Liu, Chang; Luo, Wenping; Chen, Hong; Chen, Liang; Zhao, Tianyu] Chongqing Med Univ, Coll Stomatol, Chongqing Municipal Key Lab Oral Biomed Engn Highe, Chongqing, Peoples R China; [Guan, Tong] Chongqing Med Univ, Clin Coll 1, Chongqing, Peoples R China"

通信作者："Chen, L; Zhao, TY (通讯作者)，Chongqing Med Univ, Chongqing Key Lab Oral Dis & Biomed Sci, Stomatol Hosp, Chongqing, Peoples R China.; Chen, L; Zhao, TY (通讯作者)，Chongqing Med Univ, Stomatol Hosp, Chongqing, Peoples R China.; Chen, L; Zhao, TY (通讯作者)，Chongqing Med Univ, Coll Stomatol, Chongqing Municipal Key Lab Oral Biomed Engn Highe, Chongqing, Peoples R China."

来源：FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY

ESI学科分类：MICROBIOLOGY

WOS号：WOS:000919800300001

JCR分区：Q1

影响因子：4.6

年份：2023

卷号：12

期号：　

开始页：　

结束页：　

文献类型：Article

关键词：submandibular glands; sublingual glands; saliva; oral microbial homeostasis; antimicrobial proteins

摘要："IntroductionOral microbial homeostasis is a key factor affecting oral health, and saliva plays a significant role in maintaining oral microbial homeostasis. The submandibular gland (SMG) and sublingual gland (SLG) together produce the most saliva at rest. Organic ingredients, including antimicrobial proteins, are rich and distinctive and depend on the type of acinar cells in the SMG and SLG. However, the functions of the SMG and SLG in maintaining oral microbial homeostasis have been difficult to identify and distinguish, given their unique anatomical structures MethodsIn this study, we independently removed either the SMG or SLG from mouse models. SMGs were aseptically removed in three mice in the SMG-removal group, and SLGs were aseptically removed in three mice in the SLG-removal group. Three mice from the sham-operated group were only anesthetized and incised the skin. After one month, we analyzed their oral microbiome through 16S rRNA sequencing. And then, we analyzed each gland using proteomics and single-cell RNA sequencing. ResultsOur study revealed that the microbiome balance was significantly disturbed, with decreased bacterial richness, diversity, and uniformity in the groups with the SMG or SLG removed compared with the sham-operated group. We identified eight secreted proteins in the SMG and two in the SLG that could be involved in maintaining oral microbial homeostasis. Finally, we identified multiple types of cells in the SMG and SLG (including serous acinar, mucinous acinar, ductal epithelial, mesenchymal, and immune cells) that express potential microbiota homeostasis regulatory proteins. Our results suggest that both the SMG and SLG play crucial roles in maintaining oral microbial homeostasis via excretion. Furthermore, the contribution of the SMG in maintaining oral microbial homeostasis appears to be superior to that of the SLG. These findings also revealed the possible antimicrobial function of gland secreta. DiscussionOur results suggest that control of oral microbial dysbiosis is necessary when the secretory function of the SMG or SLG is impaired. Our study could be the basis for further research on the prevention of oral diseases caused by microbial dysbiosis."

基金机构："National Natural Science Foundation of China [31571510, 31301221, 32070539]; Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission [KJZD-K201900402, KJQN201800436, KJQN202100440]; Chongqing Municipal Commission on Science Technology [cstc2017jcyjAX0434]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2020M683271]; Program for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine, Chongqing Medical University [W0034]"

基金资助正文："The reported work was supported in part by research grants from the Project Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31571510 to TZ, No. 31301221 to WL, and No. 32070539 to WL), Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission (#KJZD-K201900402 to TZ#, KJQN201800436 to WL, KJQN202100440 to HC), and Chongqing Municipal Commission on Science & Technology (#cstc2017jcyjAX0434 to WL), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2020M683271 to LC) and Program for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine, Chongqing Medical University (No.W0034 to LC)."