Adherence to the low-fat diet pattern reduces the risk of lung cancer in American adults aged 55 years and above: a prospective cohort study

作者全名：Peng, Linglong; Du, Qingqing; Xiang, Ling; Gu, Haitao; Luo, Haoyun; Xu, Zhiquan; He, Hongmei; Xia, Boning; Zhou, Zhihang; Wang, Yaxu; Chen, Ying

作者地址：[Peng, Linglong; Du, Qingqing; Gu, Haitao; Luo, Haoyun; Xu, Zhiquan; He, Hongmei; Xia, Boning; Wang, Yaxu] Chongqing Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 2, Dept Gastroenterol Surg, Chongqing, Peoples R China; [Xiang, Ling] Chongqing Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 2, Dept Clin Nutr, Chongqing, Peoples R China; [Zhou, Zhihang] Chongqing Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 2, Dept Gastroenterol, Chongqing, Peoples R China; [Chen, Ying] Chongqing Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 2, Hlth Med Ctr, Chongqing, Peoples R China

通信作者：Chen, Y (通讯作者)，Chongqing Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 2, Hlth Med Ctr, Chongqing, Peoples R China.

来源：JOURNAL OF NUTRITION HEALTH & AGING

ESI学科分类：AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

WOS号：WOS:001246168000001

JCR分区：Q1

影响因子：4.3

年份：2024

卷号：28

期号：7

开始页：　

结束页：　

文献类型：Article

关键词：Low-fat diet; Lung cancer; Epidemiology; Cohort study; Cancer prevention

摘要：Objectives: There is little evidence on the association between low-fat dietary patterns and lung cancer risk among middle-aged and older adults. To fill this gap, we comprehensively investigated the association of adherence to a low-fat diet (LFD) and intake of different fat components including saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids with incidence of lung cancer and its subtypes [non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC)] among adults aged 55 years and older. Design: A prospective cohort study with a mean follow-up time of 8.8 years. Setting and participants: This study used data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. The study population included 98,459 PLCO participants age 55 and over at baseline who completed food frequency questionnaires providing detailed dietary information and had no history of cancer. Methods: Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline. A LFD score was calculated based on fat, protein, and carbohydrate intake as a percentage of total calories. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between LFD score and intake of fat components (in quartiles) and incident lung cancer and its subtypes over followup. Restricted cubic spline analyses were conducted to examine possible nonlinear relationships. Subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate potential effect modifiers, and several sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the stability of the findings. Results: During a follow-up of 869,807.9 person-years, 1,642 cases of lung cancer were observed, consisting of 1,408 (85.75%) cases of NSCLC and 234 (14.25%) cases of SCLC. The highest versus the lowest quartiles of the LFD score were found to be associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.66-0.89), NSCLC (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.67-0.93), and SCLC (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.38-0.92). The restricted cubic spline plots demonstrated a linear dose-response relationship between the LFD score and the risk of lung cancer as well as its subtypes. This risk reduction association for overall lung cancer was more pronounced in smokers (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.60-0.84; P for interaction = 0.003). For fat components, high consumption of saturated fatty acids was associated with an increased lung cancer risk (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.10 -1.66), especially for SCLC (HR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.20 -3.53). No significant association was found between consumption of monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids and incident lung cancer and its subtypes. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that adherence to LFD may reduce the lung cancer risk, particularly in smokers; while high saturated fatty acids consumption may increase lung cancer risk, especially for SCLC, among middle-aged and older adults in the US population. (c) 2024 The Authors. Published by SERDI Publisher. Elsevier Masson SAS. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

基金机构：Natural Science Foundation Project of Chongqing, Chongqing Science and Technology Commission, China [cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0153, cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0112, CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1005]; Kuanren Talents Project of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China [kryc-yq-2110, 202417-48]; Joint Medical Research Project of Science and Health Department, Nanan District, Chongqing, China [2021-08]; China Social Welfare Foundation Project [HLCXKT-20230137]

基金资助正文：This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation Project of Chongqing, Chongqing Science and Technology Commission, China (grant numbers: cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0153 to Linglong Peng; cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0112 to Yaxu Wang; CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1005 to Haitao Gu) ; the Kuanren Talents Project of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (grant number: kryc-yq-2110 to Haitao Gu; 202417-48 to Linglong Peng) ; the Joint Medical Research Project of Science and Health Department, Nanan District, Chongqing, China (grant number: 2021-08 to Boning Xia) ; and the China Social Welfare Foundation Project (grant number: HLCXKT-20230137 to Ying Chen) .