Effects of low-carbohydrate diets versus low-fat diets on metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

作者全名："Lei, Lifu; Huang, Juan; Zhang, Longlong; Hong, Yuqin; Hui, Suocheng; Yang, Jian"

作者地址："[Lei, Lifu; Huang, Juan; Hui, Suocheng; Yang, Jian] Chongqing Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 3, Dept Clin Nutr, Chongqing, Peoples R China; [Lei, Lifu; Huang, Juan; Zhang, Longlong; Hui, Suocheng; Yang, Jian] Chongqing Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 3, Res Ctr Metab & Cardiovasc Dis, Chongqing, Peoples R China; [Zhang, Longlong] Chongqing Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 3, Dept Endocrinol, Chongqing, Peoples R China; [Hong, Yuqin] Chongqing Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 3, Dept Radiol, Chongqing, Peoples R China"

通信作者："Hui, SC; Yang, J (通讯作者)，Chongqing Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 3, Dept Clin Nutr, Chongqing, Peoples R China.; Hui, SC; Yang, J (通讯作者)，Chongqing Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 3, Res Ctr Metab & Cardiovasc Dis, Chongqing, Peoples R China."

来源：FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION

ESI学科分类：CLINICAL MEDICINE

WOS号：WOS:000843885500001

JCR分区：Q2

影响因子：5

年份：2022

卷号：9

期号：　

开始页：　

结束页：　

文献类型：Review

关键词：low-carbohydrate diets; low-fat diets; overweight; metabolic risk factors; obesity

摘要："Background and aims: Low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) and low-fat diets (LFD) have shown beneficial effects on the management of obesity. Epidemiological studies were conducted to compare the effects of the two diets. However, the results were not always consistent. This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to compare the long-term effects of LCD and LFD on metabolic risk factors and weight loss in overweight and obese adults. Methods: We performed a systematic literature search up to 30 March, 2022 in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. The meta-analysis compared the effects of LCD (carbohydrate intake & LE; 40%) with LFD (fat intake < 30%) on metabolic risk factors and weight loss for & GE;6 months. Subgroup analyses were performed based on participant characteristics, dietary energy intake, and the proportions of carbohydrates. Results: 33 studies involving a total of 3,939 participants were included. Compared with participants on LFD, participants on LCD had a greater reduction in triglycerides (-0.14 mmol/L; 95% CI, -0.18 to -0.10 mmol/L), diastolic blood pressure (-0.87 mmHg; 95% CI, -1.41 to -0.32 mmHg), weight loss (-1.33 kg; 95% CI, -1.79 to -0.87 kg), and a greater increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.07 mmol/L; 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.09 mmol/L) in 6-23 months. However, the decrease of total cholesterol (0.14 mmol/L; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.20 mmol/L) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.10 mmol/L; 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.14 mmol/L) was more conducive to LFD in 6-23 months. There was no difference in benefits between the two diets after 24 months. Subgroup analyses showed no significant difference in the reduction of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure between the two diets in participants with diabetes, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia. Conclusion: The results suggest that LCD and LFD may have specific effects on metabolic risk factors and weight loss in overweight and obese adults over 6 months. At 24 months, the effects on weight loss and improvement of metabolic risk factors were at least the same. These indicated that we might choose different diets to manage the overweight and obese subjects. However, the long-term clinical efficacy and effects of various sources of carbohydrates or fat in the two diets need to be studied in the future."

基金机构：Key Program of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University [KY19024]; Program of Chongqing Medical University for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine [W0085]; Li Jieshou Intestinal Barrier Research Foundation [Z-2017-24-2009]

基金资助正文："This study was supported in part by the Key Program of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (KY19024), Program of Chongqing Medical University for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine (W0085), and Li Jieshou Intestinal Barrier Research Foundation (Z-2017-24-2009)."