Extracellular vesicles: Emerging tools as therapeutic agent carriers

作者全名："Liu, Shan; Wu, Xue; Chandra, Sutapa; Lyon, Christopher; Ning, Bo; Jiang, Li; Fan, Jia; Hu, Tony Y."

作者地址："[Liu, Shan; Jiang, Li] Sichuan Acad Med Sci & Sichuan Prov Peoples Hos, Sichuan Prov Key Lab Human Dis Gene Study, Dept Med Genet, Dept Lab Med, Chengdu 610072, Peoples R China; [Liu, Shan; Chandra, Sutapa; Lyon, Christopher; Ning, Bo; Fan, Jia; Hu, Tony Y.] Tulane Univ, Ctr Cellular & Mol Diag, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA; [Wu, Xue] Chongqing Med Univ, MOE Key Lab Lab Med Diagnost, Coll Lab Med, Chongqing 400016, Peoples R China"

通信作者："Hu, TY (通讯作者)，Tulane Univ, Ctr Cellular & Mol Diag, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA."

来源：ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA B

ESI学科分类：PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY

WOS号：WOS:000870351800003

JCR分区：Q1

影响因子：14.5

年份：2022

卷号：12

期号：10

开始页：3822

结束页：3842

文献类型：Review

关键词：Extracellular vesicle; Therapeutic agent; Delivery carrier; Outer membrane vesicle; Cancer therapy; Infectious disease vaccine; Regenerative medicine; Gene therapy

摘要："Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and are present in all biological fluids of vertebrates, where they transfer DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, and metabolites from donor to recipient cells in cell-to-cell communication. Some EV components can also indicate the type and biological status of their parent cells and serve as diagnostic targets for liquid biopsy. EVs can also natively carry or be modified to contain therapeutic agents (e.g., nucleic acids, proteins, polysaccharides, and small molecules) by physical, chemical, or bioengineering strategies. Due to their excellent biocompatibility and stability, EVs are ideal nanocarriers for bioactive ingredients to induce signal transduction, immunoregulation, or other therapeutic effects, which can be targeted to specific cell types. Herein, we review EV classification, intercellular communication, isolation, and characterization strategies as they apply to EV therapeutics. This review focuses on recent advances in EV applications as therapeutic carriers from in vitro research towards in vivo animal models and early clinical applications, using representative examples in the fields of cancer chemotherapeutic drug, cancer vaccine, infectious disease vaccines, regenerative medicine and gene therapy. Finally, we discuss current challenges for EV therapeutics and their future development."

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