Differentiated genomic footprints suggest isolation and long-distance migration of Hmong-Mien populations

作者全名："He, Guanglin; Wang, Peixin; Chen, Jing; Liu, Yan; Sun, Yuntao; Hu, Rong; Duan, Shuhan; Sun, Qiuxia; Tang, Renkuan; Yang, Junbao; Wang, Zhiyong; Yun, Libing; Hu, Liping; Yan, Jiangwei; Nie, Shengjie; Wei, Lanhai; Liu, Chao; Wang, Mengge"

作者地址："[He, Guanglin; Wang, Peixin; Chen, Jing; Liu, Yan; Sun, Yuntao; Duan, Shuhan; Sun, Qiuxia; Wang, Zhiyong; Hu, Liping; Wang, Mengge] Sichuan Univ, West China Hosp, Inst Rare Dis, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China; [He, Guanglin] Sichuan Univ, Ctr Archaeol Sci, Chengdu 610000, Peoples R China; [Liu, Chao; Wang, Mengge] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Fac Forens Med, Zhongshan Sch Med, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China; [Wang, Peixin] Chongqing Med Univ, Sch Med Informat, Chongqing 400331, Peoples R China; [Chen, Jing; Yan, Jiangwei] Shanxi Med Univ, Sch Forens Med, Jinzhong 030001, Peoples R China; [Liu, Yan; Duan, Shuhan; Yang, Junbao] North Sichuan Med Coll, Sch Basic Med Sci, Nanchong 637000, Peoples R China; [Sun, Yuntao; Yun, Libing] Sichuan Univ, West China Sch Basic Sci & Forens Med, Inst Forens Med, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China; [Hu, Rong] Xiamen Univ, Sch Sociol & Anthropol, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China; [Sun, Qiuxia; Tang, Renkuan] Chongqing Med Univ, Coll Basic Med, Dept Forens Med, Chongqing 400331, Peoples R China; [Wang, Zhiyong; Hu, Liping; Nie, Shengjie] Kunming Med Univ, Sch Forens Med, Kunming 650500, Peoples R China; [Wei, Lanhai] Inner Mongolia Normal Univ, Sch Ethnol & Anthropol, Inner Mongolia 010028, Peoples R China; [He, Guanglin; Liu, Chao; Wang, Mengge] Antidrug Technol Ctr Guangdong Prov, Guangzhou 510230, Peoples R China; [Liu, Chao] Southern Med Univ, Sch Forens Med, Guangzhou Key Lab Forens Multi Omics Precis Identi, Guangzhou 510515, Peoples R China; [He, Guanglin; Liu, Yan; Duan, Shuhan; Yang, Junbao; Wang, Mengge] North Sichuan Med Coll, Res Ctr Genom Med, Nanchong 637100, Peoples R China"

通信作者："He, GL; Wang, MG (通讯作者)，Sichuan Univ, West China Hosp, Inst Rare Dis, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.; He, GL (通讯作者)，Sichuan Univ, Ctr Archaeol Sci, Chengdu 610000, Peoples R China.; Liu, C; Wang, MG (通讯作者)，Sun Yat Sen Univ, Fac Forens Med, Zhongshan Sch Med, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China.; He, GL; Liu, C; Wang, MG (通讯作者)，Antidrug Technol Ctr Guangdong Prov, Guangzhou 510230, Peoples R China.; Liu, C (通讯作者)，Southern Med Univ, Sch Forens Med, Guangzhou Key Lab Forens Multi Omics Precis Identi, Guangzhou 510515, Peoples R China.; He, GL; Wang, MG (通讯作者)，North Sichuan Med Coll, Res Ctr Genom Med, Nanchong 637100, Peoples R China."

来源：BMC BIOLOGY

ESI学科分类：BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY

WOS号：WOS:001151416400006

JCR分区：Q1

影响因子：5.4

年份：2024

卷号：22

期号：1

开始页：　

结束页：　

文献类型：Article

关键词：Genetic diversity; Demographic history; Admixture events; Hmong-Mien speaker; Differentiated genetic structure

摘要："BackgroundThe underrepresentation of Hmong-Mien (HM) people in Asian genomic studies has hindered our comprehensive understanding of the full landscape of their evolutionary history and complex trait architecture. South China is a multi-ethnic region and indigenously settled by ethnolinguistically diverse HM, Austroasiatic (AA), Tai-Kadai (TK), Austronesian (AN), and Sino-Tibetan (ST) people, which is regarded as East Asia's initial cradle of biodiversity. However, previous fragmented genetic studies have only presented a fraction of the landscape of genetic diversity in this region, especially the lack of haplotype-based genomic resources. The deep characterization of demographic history and natural-selection-relevant genetic architecture of HM people was necessary.ResultsWe reported one HM-specific genomic resource and comprehensively explored the fine-scale genetic structure and adaptative features inferred from the genome-wide SNP data of 440 HM individuals from 33 ethnolinguistic populations, including previously unreported She. We identified solid genetic differentiation between HM people and Han Chinese at 7.64-15.86 years ago (kya) and split events between southern Chinese inland (Miao/Yao) and coastal (She) HM people in the middle Bronze Age period and the latter obtained more gene flow from Ancient Northern East Asians. Multiple admixture models further confirmed that extensive gene flow from surrounding ST, TK, and AN people entangled in forming the gene pool of Chinese coastal HM people. Genetic findings of isolated shared unique ancestral components based on the sharing alleles and haplotypes deconstructed that HM people from the Yungui Plateau carried the breadth of previously unknown genomic diversity. We identified a direct and recent genetic connection between Chinese inland and Southeast Asian HM people as they shared the most extended identity-by-descent fragments, supporting the long-distance migration hypothesis. Uniparental phylogenetic topology and network-based phylogenetic relationship reconstruction found ancient uniparental founding lineages in southwestern HM people. Finally, the population-specific biological adaptation study identified the shared and differentiated natural selection signatures among inland and coastal HM people associated with physical features and immune functions. The allele frequency spectrum of cancer susceptibility alleles and pharmacogenomic genes showed significant differences between HM and northern Chinese people.ConclusionsOur extensive genetic evidence combined with the historical documents supported the view that ancient HM people originated from the Yungui regions associated with ancient ""Three-Miao tribes"" descended from the ancient Daxi-Qujialing-Shijiahe people. Then, some have recently migrated rapidly to Southeast Asia, and some have migrated eastward and mixed respectively with Southeast Asian indigenes, Liangzhu-related coastal ancient populations, and incoming southward ST people. Generally, complex population migration, admixture, and adaptation history contributed to the complicated patterns of population structure of geographically diverse HM people."

基金机构：National Natural Science Foundation of China

基金资助正文："We thank Prof. Etienne Patin at Institut Pasteur for sharing high-coverage WGS data from Taiwan Island, Island Southeast Asia, and Oceanian. We thank Prof. Wibhu Kutanan, Prof. Mark Stoneking, and Dr. Dang Liu for sharing genome-wide SNP data from Vietnam, Thailand, and Laos. We also think all volunteers participated in this project."