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Nitric oxide synthase in the olfactory mucosa of the larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)

JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY 1996年第1期365卷 18-26页

作者： Zielinski, BS Osahan, JK Hara, TJ Hosseini, M Wong, E FISHERIES & OCEANS CANADA INST FRESHWATERWINNIPEGMB R3T 2N6CANADA

The use of nitric oxide, a product of enzymatic reduction of L-arginine by nitric oxide synthase, as a modulator of processes within the olfactory mucosa was investigated in larval sea lampreys, extant fish of ancient vertebrate origin. In the present study, we demonstrated that the sea lamprey olfactory mucosa is specifically sensitive to L-arginine, that the L-arginine responses are inhibited by an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, Nw-nitro-L-arginine, and that nitric oxide synthase is present in olfactory receptor cells, sustentacular cells, and basal cells. electron microscopic examination using NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry revealed intense labeling within secretory vesicles of sustentacular cells and in proximity to mitochondria within olfactory receptor cell dendrites and sustentacular cells. At the base of the olfactory epithelium, NADPH-diaphorase staining was intense in the perinuclear cytoplasm of a subpopulation of basal cells, moderate in sustentacular cell foot processes, and scattered in olfactory receptor cell axons. Throughout axons in the olfactory epithelium and the lamina propria, labeling predominated in axonal profiles with mitochondria. These physiological and ultrastructural studies imply that in sea lamprey larvae, nitric oxide modulates peri-receptor events of L-arginine chemostimulation, olfactory receptor cell axonal activity, and developmental processes. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

关键词： L-arginine electro-olfactogram electron microscope NADPH-diaphorase

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Changes in the Olfactory Response to Amino Acids in Japanese Newts After Transfer from an Aquatic to a Terrestrial Habitat

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ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2010年第4期27卷 369-373页

作者： Inoue, Ritsuko Nakatani, Kei Univ Tsukuba Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci Tsukuba Ibaraki 3058572 Japan

Amphibians are capable of smelling both volatile and water-soluble (e. g., amino acids) odorants. Adult Japanese newts, Cynops pyrrhogaster, live mostly in water, except during hibernation, but sometimes on land. To examine olfactory responses of the newts to adaptation to a short-term stay on land (land adaptation), we measured the magnitude of the olfactory response at five different time points (land adaptation) time: 0, 30, 54, 90, and 114 h after transfer from an aquatic to a terrestrial habitat by using electro-olfactogram (EOG) recordings. Statistical analysis by the weighted linear model (P < 0.05) indicated that the time to land adaptation had a significant effect on the magnitude of the EOG induced by 1 mu M and 10 mu M amino acid mixtures. Further, the slope estimates of the weighted linear model were significantly positive (P < 0.05). These results indicate that the magnitude of the EOG response to amino acid mixtures (arginine, alanine, proline, and glutamic acid) significantly increases with land adaptation time. On the other hand, we observed no significant relationship between the magnitude of the EOG response induced by an 0.05% volatile odorant mixture (isoamyl acetate, n-amyl acetate, cineole, and limonene) and land adaptation time. Our results indicate that olfactory sensitivity to amino acids significantly increases with land adaptation time in adult Japanese newts.

关键词： olfaction olfactory response newt electro-olfactogram amino acid odorant

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Petromylidenes A-C: 2-Alkylidene Bile Salt Derivatives Isolated from Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)

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MARINE DRUGS 2018年第9期16卷 308-308页

作者： Li, Ke Scott, Anne M. Fissette, Skye D. Buchinger, Tyler J. Riedy, Joseph J. Li, Weiming Michigan State Univ Dept Fisheries & Wildlife E Lansing MI 48824 USA

Three novel bile acid derivatives, petromylidenes A-C (1-3), featuring uncommon alkylidene adductive scaffolds, were isolated from water conditioned with sexually mature male sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus). Their structures were elucidated by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy, and by comparison to spectral data of related structures. The identification of compounds 1-3, further illustrates the structural diversity of the 5 bile salt family. Compounds 1-3 exhibited notable biological properties as well, including high olfactory potencies in adult sea lampreys and strong behavioral attraction of ovulated female sea lampreys. electro-olfactogram recordings indicated that the limit of detection for 1 was 10(-9) M, 2 was 10(-11) M, and 3 was less than 10(-13) M. These results suggested 1-3 were likely male pheromones, which guide reproductive behaviors in the sea lamprey.

关键词： bile salts pheromone electro-olfactogram behavioral assay invasive species cyclostomata

来源： SCIE MultidisciplinaryDig...

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Maternal high fat high sugar diet disrupts olfactory behavior but not mucosa sensitivity in the offspring

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PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2019年第0期104卷 249-258页

作者： Merle, Laetitia Person, Ophelie Bonnet, Pierre Gregoire, Stephane Soubeyre, Vanessa Grosmaitre, Xavier Jarriault, David Univ Bourgogne Franche Comte Ctr Sci Gout & Alimentat AgroSup Dijon CNRSINRA 9E Blvd Jeanne dArc F-21000 Dijon France

The influence of maternal diet on progeny's metabolic health has been thoroughly investigated, but the impact on sensory systems remains unexplored. Neurons of the olfactory system start to develop during the embryonic life and carry on their maturation after birth. Besides, these neurons are under metabolic influences, and it has recently been shown that adult mice exposed to an obesogenic or diabetogenic diet display reduced olfactory abilities. However, whether or not Folfactory function is affected by the perinatal nutritional environment is unknown. Here we investigated the effect of a high fat high sucrose (HFHS) maternal diet (46% of total energy brought by lipids, 26.6% by sucrose) on progeny's olfactory system in mice. In male offspring at weaning stage, maternal HFHS diet induced overweight and increased gonadal fat, associated with hyperleptinemia. The progeny of HFHS diet fed dams showed reduced sniffing behavior in the presence of low doses of phenylethanol (an attractive odorant for mice), compared to the progeny of standard diet fed dams. Furthermore, they exhibited increased time to retrieve a piece of breakfast cereals hidden beneath the bedding in a buried food test. Meanwhile, electroolfactogram recordings revealed no change in the sensitivity of olfactory mucosa. mRNA levels for elements of the olfactory transduction cascade were not affected either. Our results demonstrate that maternal HFHS diet during gestation and lactation strongly modulates olfactory perception in the offspring, without impairing odor detection by the olfactory epithelium. Maternal HFHS diet starting two months before gestation did not induce additional impairments in progeny.

关键词： Maternal diet Olfactory behavior Plethysmography electro-olfactogram Olfactory mucosa Weaning

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Putative steroidal pheromones in the round goby, Neogobius melanostomus:: Olfactory and behavioral responses

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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY 2001年第3期27卷 443-470页

作者： Murphy, CA Stacey, NE Corkum, LD Univ Alberta Dept Biol Sci Edmonton AB T6G 2E9 Canada Univ Windsor Dept Biol Sci Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada

To identify potential hormonal pheromones of the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), a species recently introduced to the Great Lakes, we used electro-olfactogram (EOG) recording to examine olfactory responsiveness to more than 100 steroids and prostaglandins. Neogobius detected free and conjugated 18-, 19- and 21-carbon steroids, but did not detect prostaglandins. EOG cross-adaptation, used to determine if Neogobius can discriminate the detected compounds at the sensory level, suggested that the detected steroids act on four classes of olfactory receptor mechanisms named (according to the most potent Ligand for each): estrone, 1 betaP-estradiol-3 beta -glucuronide, etiocholanolone, and dehydroepiandrosterone-3-sulfate. Although none of the detected steroids induced reproductive behaviors, exposure to steroids from three of the four receptor classes (estrone, 17 beta -estradiol-3 beta -glucuronide, or etiocholanolone) increased ventilation rate in males, whereas only etiocholanolone increased ventilation rate in females. Using the ventilation increase as a behavioral bioassay of steroid detection, behavioral cross-adaptation studies in males demonstrated that steroids discriminated at the sensory level are also discriminated behaviorally. These findings suggest the round goby may use steroids as putative pheromones.

关键词： round goby Neogobius melanostomus sex pheromones steroid electro-olfactogram cross-adaptation ventilation sexual dimorphism

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Polyamines as olfactory stimuli in the goldfish Carassius auratus

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JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY 2003年第10期206卷 1683-1696页

作者： Rolen, SH Sorensen, PW Mattson, D Caprio, J Louisiana State Univ Dept Biol Sci Baton Rouge LA 70830 USA Univ Minnesota Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol St Paul MN 55108 USA

electrophysiological responses of goldfish olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) and goldfish behavioral responses to polyamines were investigated in vivo. electro-olfactogram (EOG) recordings indicated that polyamines (putrescine, cadaverine and spermine) are potent olfactory stimuli for goldfish with estimated electrophysiological thresholds of 10(-8)-10(-7) mol l(-1), similar to that for L-arginine, the most stimulatory amino acid. Although thresholds were similar, the magnitude of the EOG responses to intermediate (10(-5)-10(-4) mol l(-1)) and high (10(-3) mol l(-1)) concentrations of polyamines dwarfed the responses to amino acids and related single amine containing compounds (amylamine and butylamine). The EOG responses to 0.1 mmol l(-1) putrescine, cadaverine and spermine were, respectively, 4.2x, 4.3x and 10.3x the response of the standard, 0.1 mmol l(-1) L-arginine. electrophysiological cross-adaptation experiments indicated that polyamine receptor sites are independent from those to L-amino acids (alanine, arginine, glutamate, lysine, methionine and ornithine), bile salts (sodium taurocholate and taurolithocholate), the single amine containing compounds (amylamine and butylamine) and ATP. Further, the cross-adaptation experiments revealed the existence of independent receptor sites for the different polyamines tested. Pharmacological experiments suggested that polyamine odorant transduction does not primarily involve the cyclic AMP and IP3 second messenger pathways. Behavioral assays indicated that polyamines are attractants that elicit feeding behavior similar to that elicited by L-amino acids.

关键词： electro-olfactogram olfaction receptor site second messenger goldfish Carassius auratus

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Impacts of carbamate pesticides on olfactory neurophysiology and cholinesterase activity in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

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AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY 2004年第2期69卷 133-148页

作者： Jarrard, HE Delaney, KR Kennedy, CJ Simon Fraser Univ Dept Biol Sci Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada

Many freshwater aquatic environments in the Pacific Northwest of North America contain neurotoxic pesticides, an issue of concern given the use of many of these habitats by Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus sp.). Pesticides such as carbamates are known to affect fundamental physiological systems (such as the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE)), and have been shown to affect salmonid olfactory-mediated behaviors. A neurophysiological measure of olfactory function, the electro-olfactogram (EOG), was used in this study to examine the impacts of acute localized exposure to three carbamates (the insecticide carbofuran, the antisapstain IPBC, and the fungicide mancozeb) on olfactory function in the coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). We also examine the potential for these pesticides to alter AChE levels in the,primary olfactory system and brain with brief exposures (30 min to only the olfactory rosette (OR)). In results, we find that the EOG in coho salmon is highly sensitive to brief localized exposures of two of these three carbamate pesticides. The effective nominal concentration required to cause a 50% reduction in EOG amplitude (EC50) for carbofuran was 10.4 mug/l and for IPBC was 1.28 mug/l. For mancozeb, the EC50 was higher at 2.05 mg/l. All three carbamates also affected AChE activity levels in the OR and brain (BR): carbofuran exposure at 200 mug/l significantly inhibited AChE activity in the OR, and both IPBC and mancozeb significantly increased AChE activity in BR at multiple concentrations with acute localized exposure. These carbamate effects highlight the sensitivity of salmon olfactory neurophysiology to pesticides acting not only potentially via AChE-inhibition, but also by other currently unknown modes of action. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： carbofuran IPBC mancozeb electro-olfactogram AChE

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Endosulfan exposure disrupts pheromonal systems in the red-spotted newt: A mechanism for subtle effects of environmental chemicals

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ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2001年第7期109卷 669-673页

作者： Park, D Hempleman, SC Propper, CR No Arizona Univ Dept Biol Sci Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA

Because chemicals introduced into the environment by humans can affect both long-term survivorship and reproduction of amphibians, discovering the specific mechanisms through which these chemicals act may facilitate the development of plans for amphibian conservation. We investigated the amphibian pheromonal system as a potential target of common environmental chemicals. By treating female red-spotted newts, Notophthalmus viridescens, to a commonly used insecticide, endosulfan, we found that the pheromonal system is highly susceptible to low-concentration exposure. The impairment of the pheromonal system directly led to disrupted mate choice and lowered mating success. There were no other notable physiologic or behavioral changes demonstrated by the animals at the insecticide concentrations administered. Our findings suggest that the amphibian pheromonal system is one of the systems subject to subtle negative effects of environmental chemicals.

关键词： amphibian declines electro-olfactogram endosulfan environmental chemicals insecticides pheromones olfaction

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Anterior distribution of human olfactory epithelium

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LARYNGOSCOPE 2000年第3期110卷 417-421页

作者： Leopold, DA Hummel, T Schwob, JE Hong, SC Knecht, M Kobal, G Univ Nebraska Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Nebraska Med Ctr 981225 Omaha NE 68198 USA Univ Dresden Dept Otolaryngol Dresden Germany SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr Dept Anat & Cell Biol Syracuse NY 13210 USA Univ Erlangen Nurnberg Dept Pharmacol Erlangen Germany

Objectives/Hypothesis: To functionally investigate the distribution of the olfactory epithelium in humans by means of the electro-olfactogram (EOG) and anatomically located biopsy specimens. Study Design: Prospective, nonrandomized, investigational. Methods: Supra-threshold EOG recordings were made on 12 healthy, trained volunteers (6 women, 6 men;age range, 21-48 y), Vanillin was used as the stimulus, since it exclusively excites olfactory receptor neurons. The EOG was recorded with tubular electrodes that were placed using thin-fiber endoscopic guidance. Biopsy specimens were obtained of anterosuperior nasal cavity mucosa in the same regions as the positive EOGs in 15 smell-tested patients (7 women, 8 men;age range, 22-60 y) during routine nasal and sinus surgery. This biopsied tissue was histologically processed and stained for olfactory and neural proteins. Results: Viable responses to EOG testing were obtained in 7 of 12 subjects. In these seven subjects it was possible to identify nine sites above or below the anterior middle turbinate insertion where EOGs were obtained. The biopsy results showed mature olfactory receptor neurons in this same area. Conclusions: Human olfactory epithelium appears to be distributed more anteriorly than previously assumed.

关键词： olfaction middle turbinate histology electro-olfactogram olfactory marker protein electrophysiology

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Hormonal influence on the olfactory response to a female-attracting pheromone, sodefrin, in the newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster

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COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2000年第2期126卷 239-245页

作者： Toyoda, F Kikuyama, S Nara Med Univ Dept Physiol Kashihara Nara 6348521 Japan Waseda Univ Sch Educ Dept Biol Tokyo 1698050 Japan

Sodefrin is a female-attracting pheromone isolated from the abdominal glands of male newts, Cynops pyrrhogaster. Previously, the preference of conspecific female newts for sodefrin was shown to be completely abolished by plugging the bilateral nostrils, indicating that it acts on the olfactory organ. To determine the sensitivity of the olfactory receptor cells to sodefrin, electro-olfactograms (EOGs) In response to sodefrin solution were recorded from the ventral nasal epithelium of sexually developed female newts. Sodefrin elicited marked EOG responses in a dose-dependent manner on the epithelium of the lateral nasal sinus (LNS) region, a putative vomeronasal organ. In ovariectomized females, treatment with prolactin (PRL) and estrogen markedly enhanced the EOG response to sodefrin. The EOG response to the pheromone was also enhanced considerably by treatment with either PRL or estrogen alone. A slight but significant elevation was observed in castrated males receiving PRL plus estrogen or estrogen alone. It was concluded that the main site of action of sodefrin resides in the lateral sinus region and that sensitivity to sodefrin is under the control of PRL and estrogen. The presence of a sex difference in olfactory sensitivity to the hormones and/or pheromone was also suggested. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： newt sex pheromone sodefrin L-serine lateral nasal sinus electro-olfactogram prolactin estradiol

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