Emerging chemical engineering of exosomes as "bioscaffolds" in diagnostics and therapeutics

作者全名："Wang, Jianwei; Wang, Meijiao; Jiang, Ning; Ding, Shijia; Peng, Qiling; Zheng, Lei"

作者地址："[Wang, Jianwei; Wang, Meijiao; Peng, Qiling] Chongqing Med Univ, Sch Basic Med Sci, Chongqing 400016, Peoples R China; [Jiang, Ning] Chongqing Med Univ, Mol Med Diagnost & Testing Ctr, Chongqing 400016, Peoples R China; [Jiang, Ning] Chongqing Med Univ, Dept Pathol, Chongqing 400016, Peoples R China; [Ding, Shijia] Chongqing Med Univ, Coll Lab Med, Chongqing 400016, Peoples R China; [Zheng, Lei] Southern Med Univ, Nanfang Hosp, Sch Clin Med 1, Dept Lab Med, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, Peoples R China"

通信作者："Peng, QL (通讯作者)，Chongqing Med Univ, Sch Basic Med Sci, Chongqing 400016, Peoples R China.; Jiang, N (通讯作者)，Chongqing Med Univ, Mol Med Diagnost & Testing Ctr, Chongqing 400016, Peoples R China.; Zheng, L (通讯作者)，Southern Med Univ, Nanfang Hosp, Sch Clin Med 1, Dept Lab Med, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, Peoples R China."

来源：GENES & DISEASES

ESI学科分类：MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & GENETICS

WOS号：WOS:001017347500001

JCR分区：Q1

影响因子：6.9

年份：2023

卷号：10

期号：4

开始页：1494

结束页：1512

文献类型：Review

关键词：Chemical engineering; Diagnostics; Exosomes; Extracellular vesicles; Theranostics; Therapeutics

摘要："All cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) as part of their normal physiology. As one of the subtypes, exosomes (EXOs) have an average size range of approximately 40 nm-160 nm in diameter. Benefiting from their inherent immunogenicity and biocompatibility, the utility of autologous EXOs has the potential for both disease diagnosis/treatment. EXOs are generally employed as ""bioscaffolds"" and the whole diagnostic and therapeutic effects are mainly ascribed to exogenous cargos on the EXOs, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and chemotherapeutic agents and fluorophores delivered into specific cells or tissues. Surface en-gineering of EXOs for cargo loadings is one of the prerequisites for EXO-mediated diagnosis/ treatment. After revisiting EXO-mediated diagnosis/treatment, the most popular strategies to directly undertake loadings of exogenous cargos on EXOs include genetic and chemical en-gineering. Generally, genetically-engineered EXOs can be merely produced by living organisms and intrinsically face some drawbacks. However, chemical methodologies for engineered EXOs diversify cargos and extend the functions of EXOs in the diagnosis/treatment. In this review, we would like to elucidate different chemical advances on the molecular level of EXOs along with the critical design required for diagnosis/treatment. Besides, the prospects of chemical engineering on the EXOs were critically addressed. Nevertheless, the superiority of EXO-medi-ated diagnosis/treatment via chemical engineering remains a challenge in clinical translation and trials. Furthermore, more chemical crosslinking on the EXOs is expected to be explored. Despite substantial claims in the literature, there is currently no review to exclusively summa-rize the chemical engineering to EXOs for diagnosis/treatment. We envision chemical engi-neering of EXOs will encourage more scientists to explore more novel technologies for a wider range of biomedical applications and accelerate the successful translation of EXO-based drug ""bioscaffolds"" from bench to bedside. 2022 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)."

基金机构："National Natural Science Foundation of China [81972023]; Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing City, China [cstc2021jcyj- msxm0172]; Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Education Commission of China [KJQN201900425]; Creative Research Group of CQ University (China) [CXQT21017]; Program for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine from Chongqing Medical University (China)"

基金资助正文："This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81972023), the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing City, China (No. cstc2021jcyj-msxm0172), the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Education Commission of China (No. KJQN201900425), Creative Research Group of CQ University (China) (No. CXQT21017), and the Program for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine from Chongqing Medical University (China)."